Question

LAPROSCOPY, which was used to remove gall bladder, will be used in various kinds of surgery for the advantages it has over the techniques such as small incision, reduced post operative pain and short hospital stay. One of the major difficulties in laproscopic surgery that the keyhole surgery has been the stitching of tissues. So expensive mechancial devices called staplers are used to overcome the difficulty. But the stitching, called suturing and knotting, using laproscopy obviates the need for these tools and add considerably to the kinds of surgeries which can be done laproscopically.


(2) The department of Surgery of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences has organised a two day workshop on various advanced laproscopic techniques. The workshop is the largest of its kind in the country giving hands on experience in a stimulated environment using 20 state of the art “endotrainer stations”, As many as 200 delegates, surgeons of many year’s experience and faculty members of medical colleges from all over the country are attending the workshop. In open surgery doctors are first taught to put stitches. In the laproscopic surgery of gall bladder using a stapler to put the stitches is alright as there are few stitches but in some cases, such as liver surgery, stapler can’t be used as it is feared that the stapler might give way and the patient bleed to death. Hence “Suturing and knotting is the best”, said Dr. Arvind Kumar, Associate Professor in the Department of Surgery.

(3) “By doing away with the use of stapler the cost of the surgery can be brought down considerably as the stapler as well as the staples are quite expensive”, said Dr. Arvind Kumar. In laproscopy a tiny telescope is inserted through a small hole in the area being operated upon. The doctor insert the instruments for operating through other small holes and operates by looking at the image of the insides as projected on a screen from the telescope that has been inserted. Suturing and knotting looking at a screen require a high degree of precision and eye-hand co-ordination.


(4) A lot of training is needed to master this kind of suturing and knotting. “In Laproscopic suturing and knotting, the doctor never comes into the contact with tissues. He has to do using long instruments inserted into the body which have to be used like extensions of the fingers. This is more demanding on the surgeons skills and they need workshops to learn and not patients”, said Dr. Michael JMC Mahon of the Leeds Institute of Minimally invasive Surgery one has to teach the participants in the workshop.

(5) The advantage of endotrainers in doctors can learn to stitch tissues in laproscopy without using human as guinea pigs. The doctors train by stitching tissue simulators or animal tissues. “A single workshop cannot teach them enough but one workshop is better than no workshops. This workshop is to serve as a trendsetter for similar continuing education programmes on laproscopic suturing and knotting all over the country”, said Dr. Kumar. The technique is better adopted by younger surgeons as it is difficult for a surgeon used to following the open surgery method to change and relearn new techniques, said Dr. M. C. Mishra of the surgery department.

1.1.0n the basis of reading the above passage answer the following questions : (2 x 5 = 10)

(i) Mention two advantages of laproscopy.

(ii) What is used for stiching in laproscopy ?

(iii) Why is laproscopic surgery expensive than open surgery ?

(iv) What skills are required by a laproscopy surgeon ?


(v) How is the laproscopy surgery performed ? (2 x 5 = 10)

1.2. Find meaning of the following words and phrases from the passage : (1/2 x 4 = 2)

(a) expensive (para 1)

(b) way of doing something (para 2)

(c) careful about details (para 3)

(d) a person or thing used as a subject for experiment,para5

Answer 1

1. Advantages of laparoscopy are Small Incision and Reduces post operative pain.
2. Staplers are used for stitching in laparoscopy.
3. Laparoscopic Surgeries are expensive than open surgery because the staplers used for stitching are expensive.
4. Laparoscopy surgeon should have many year's experience.

• In laparoscopy a tiny telescope is inserted through a small hole in the area being operated upon.
• The doctor insert the instruments for operating through other small holes and operates by looking at the image of the insides as projected on a screen from the telescope that has been inserted.
• Suturing and knotting looking at a screen require a high degree of precision and eye-hand co-ordination.

b) technique

c) precision

d) trendsetter

Answer 2

Answer:

Find meaning of the following words and phrases from the passage : (1/2 x 4 = 2)

(a) expensive (para 1)

(b) way of doing something (para 2)

(c) careful about details (para 3)

(d) a person or thing used as a subject for experiment,para5