Question

Law of equipartition of energy

Answer 1

The law of equipartition of energy sates that for any dynamical system in a thermal equilibrium, the total energy is equally divided among the degrees of freedom. The energy associated with a molecule for one degree of freedom is where k is the Boltzmann’s constant and T is the temperature.

Answer 2

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Here is your answer...
Equipartition of energy, law of statistical mechanics stating that, in a system in thermal equilibrium, on the average, an equal amount of energy will be associated with each independent energy state. Based on the work of physicists James Clerk Maxwell of Scotland and Ludwig Boltzmann of Germany, this law states specifically that a system of particles in equilibrium at absolute temperature T will have an average energy of 1/2kT associated with each degree of freedom (see freedom, degree of), in which k is the Boltzmann constant. In addition, any degree of freedom contributing potential energy will have another 1/2kT associated with it. For a system of s degrees of freedom, of which t have associated potential energies, the total average energy of the system is 1/2(s + t)kT.

I will give you an example also....
If an atom of a gas has three degrees of freedom (the three spatial, or position, coordinates of the atom) and will, therefore, have an average total energy of 3/2kT. For an atom in a solid, vibratory motion involves potential energy as well as kinetic energy, and both modes will contribute a term 1/2kT, resulting in an average total energy of 3kT.

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