law of orbit ?? explain
Answers
The Law of Orbits: All planets move in elliptical orbits, with the sun at one focus. 2. The Law of Areas: A line that connects a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. 3. The Law of Periods: The square of the period of any planet is proportional to the cube of the semimajor axis of its orbit.
Answer:
In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion are three scientific laws describing the motion of planets around the Sun, published by Johannes Kepler between 1609 and 1619. These improved the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus, replacing its circular orbits with epicycles with elliptical trajectories, and explaining how planetary velocities vary.[1] The laws state that:
Figure 1: Illustration of Kepler's three laws with two planetary orbits.
The orbits are ellipses, with focal points F1 and F2 for the first planet and F1 and F3 for the second planet. The Sun is placed in focal point F1.
The two shaded sectors A1 and A2 have the same surface area and the time for planet 1 to cover segment A1 is equal to the time to cover segment A2.
The total orbit times for planet 1 and planet 2 have a ratio {\textstyle \left({\frac {a_{1}}{a_{2}}}\right)^{\frac {3}{2}}} {\textstyle \left({\frac {a_{1}}{a_{2}}}\right)^{\frac {3}{2}}}.
The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci.
A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.[2]
The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
Explanation:
The elliptical orbits of planets were indicated by calculations of the orbit of Mars.[3] From this, Kepler inferred that other bodies in the Solar System, including those farther away from the Sun, also have elliptical orbits. The second law helps to establish that when a planet is closer to the Sun, it travels faster. The third law expresses that the farther a planet is from the Sun, the longer its orbit, and vice versa.
Isaac Newton showed in 1687 that relationships like Kepler's would apply in the Solar System to a good approximation, as a consequence of his own laws of motion and law of universal gravitation.
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