laws of thermodynamics
Answers
Explanation:
The three laws of thermodynamics define physical quantities that characterize thermodynamic systems at thermodynamic equilibrium. The laws describe how these quantities behave under various circumstances, and preclude the possibility of certain phenomena.
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Answer:
There are four laws of thermodynamics, which contain deep physical and philosophical meanings. Therefore, it is hard to give you a thorough understanding by using just a few hundreds of words.
I will state them one by one and tell you my interpretation of their importance.
Zeroth law: If A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium.
Importance: We are allowed to define a thermodynamic parameter called temperature such that when two objects are in thermal equilibrium, they have the same temperature.
Background knowledge: When two objects are "in contact" and there is no net heat flow between them, we say the objects are in thermal equilibrium.
Further reading: Zeroth law of thermodynamics
First law: The change in the total internal energy of an closed system equals the heat supplied to the system subtracted by the work done by the system.
Importance: It is a restatement of the law of conservation of energy: The total energy of an isolated system is constant over time, and energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it can neither be created nor destroyed.
Background knowledge: A system is called closed if energy (but not matter) is allowed to be exchanged with the surroundings. A system is called isolated if both energy and matter are not allowed to be exchanged with the surroundings.
Further reading: First law of thermodynamics
Second law: In every natural thermodynamic process, the sum of entropies of all objects is either unchanged (reversible process) or increased (irreversible process).
Importance: We can show that this law ensures that there is no perpetual machine, no perfect engine, and no perfect refrigerator.
Background knowledge: For a beginner of the subject, it is sloppy but good enough to interpret the entropy as the degree of disorderness.
Further reading: Second law of thermodynamics
Interesting question: How can we relate the three different definitions of entropy together?
Third law: The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is exactly equal to zero.
Importance: We can show that it is impossible for any process to reduce the entropy of a system to its absolute zero value in a finite number of steps.
Further reading: Third law of thermodynamics