_______leads to division in area of high population pressure on land
Answers
Answer:
plz read the following
Explanation:
The process of population induced technological change is by no means automatic; there are several instances where societies faced with growing population pressure have not been able to achieve sustainable intensification. Failures in agricultural intensification can be attributed to one or more of the following reasons: persistence of uncertain long-term rights to land; encroachment of cultivation onto marginal lands; collective effort required for watershed-level protective investments; and an inappropriate policy environment.
Farmer incentives for regenerating soil fertility and for making erosion-prevention investments are high if secure long-term land rights exist, both to currently cultivated land and to fallow land. Where farmers do not have long-term rights to land, the private rate of discount is higher than the social rate of discount, hence private investments in land productivity will be lower than the societal optimum. In societies with slowly and steadily growing populations, property rights to land evolved systematically, being induced by growing land scarcity. However, the evolution to secure land rights has not been successful in societies experiencing rapid population growth (through natural increase or through migration), nor in societies where this induced institutional change is circumvented by government policies (e.g., land expropriation by colonial authorities or socialist governments).
Given secure rights to land, the rate of return to land investments varies by agroclimatic zone and soil type: degradation problems are most severe where the returns to land investments are lowest. The arid fringe areas, upper slopes in the semi-arid and the humid zones, and shallow sandy soils exhibit the highest levels of erosion, other things being equal. Degradation problems are likely to be most severe in regions with relatively large endowments of marginal lands.
Degradation of marginal lands is also likely to be severe where institutional arrangements are not available for controlling access to grazing and forestry. Where privatization is infeasible or undesirable, community action or government intervention is required both for control of access and for investments in erosion control and forest replanting. Difficult dilemmas frequently arise as traditional users are threatened with a loss of their use rights. Societies are often incapable of solving these problems of ownership or controlled access before serious damage has occurred.
In several instances, inappropriate policies, both micro- and macroeconomic, have created disincentives for farmer investments in land productivity enhancing and/or resource conserving technologies (Heath and Binswanger 1996). Pingali et al. (1997) argue that even in the intensive lowland cereal production systems, where Green revolution technologies were most successfully adopted, price and trade policy distortions are leading to significant levels of environmental and ecological degradation.
The potential problems of declining labor productivity and environmental degradation are not problems of levels of population densities. Given sufficient time, it is likely that a combination of farmer innovations, savings, and the development of research facilities and institutions for dealing with soil degradation issues will be able to accommodate much more than the current population in most countries, especially in many of the less densely populated ones. However, if all these changes are required quickly and simultaneously because of high population growth rates, they may emerge at too slow a pace to prevent a decline in human welfare.
May it helps u.
Answer:
Migration
Explanation:
This is so because it changes the population composition of arrival as well as departured place.