LEARN
V. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. Mention the social evils prevalent in India during British rule.
2. Why did India's foreign trade decline during the British rule?
3. During the British rule, "India was a loser both ways - as a buyer and also a seller." Explan
4. Why did the English East India Company feel the need for educational reforms?
5. Who was Lord Macaulay? Why did he recommend the system of British education in India
6. What were the main objectives of British education in India? Mention the steps recommended
implement the policy,
7. Describe the recommendations in Wood's Despatch and their effects.
8. Discuss various aspects of the drain of wealth.
T:
Answers
1. Sati system and dowry system were the two social evils existed in the 19th century. Sati was prohibited by the British government. There were different laws made against the dowry system but it still continues.
2. Over a period of time, the British rule introduced the concept of transferability of land; likewise, the British revenue system enabled the money-lender or the rich peasant to take possession of land. The process of transfer of land from cultivators was intensified during periods of scarcity and famines.
3. During the British rule, “India was a loser both ways – as a buyer and also a seller.” The British exploited India's resources, bought raw materials from India at nominal rates to be exported to England, and dumped their machine made goods in the Indian markets.
4. Because they need employ for their companys. The persons who come from out of india demand lot of money. So, the company think if they educate indians and got him job in company on small wages they got profit.
5. Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, FRS FRSE PC was a British historian and Whig politician. He wrote extensively as an essayist, on contemporary and historical sociopolitical subjects, and as a reviewer Indians should be taught sciences and western literature. He had a very poor opinion of traditional Indian learning which he thought was inferior to European learning. According to him, “single shelf of a good European library was worth native literature of India and Arabia.
6. The main objective of Macaulay`s policy were as follows. The policy laid emphasis on promoting European literature and science among the Indians. As such all funds allocated for the purpose of education should be used on English education only.
7. The Despatch encouraged higher education by recommending the establishment of universities in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. The Wood's Despatch emphasized on the necessity of vocational education. The Despatch also recommended the establishment of three universities to higher education.
8. During the last quarter of the 19th century a great controversy arose over the question of ‘The Drain’ between the nationalist leaders of India and the Protagonists of Britain. Indian nationalist thinkers developed the theory of Drain mainly for analysing main cause of poverty in India.
Dadabhai Naoroji in his book observed, “The drain consists of two elements the first, arising from the remittances by European Officials of their savings, and for their expenditure in England for their various wants both there and in India ; from pensions and salaries paid in England; and the second that arising from remittances by non-official Europeans.”
This indicates that in order to meet the requirements of the economic drain, India had to export much as compared to its imports.