Learning Task 1: Classify the following words or phrases to which period it
belongs; copy the table below on your answer sheet or on your activity notebook.
Imitation of pitch and or voices
Musical Genres
Madrigal
Gregorian chant
Mass
Choral Music
Liturgical music
Polyphonic music
Performance of many instruments
Opera
Monophonic music
Cantata
Answers
Imitation of pitch and or voices:
Imitation had previously appeared in the 14th-century Italian caccia and French chace, roundlike vocal forms, and in England in the 13th-century round, Sumer is icumen in. These compositions foreshadow the Renaissance while also emphasising the rhythmic relationships found in mediaeval counterpoint.
Musical Genres:
Classical Music Periods Classical music is divided into three historical periods. The Early period includes the Medieval and Renaissance eras (550-1400). (1400-1600). The Common Practice period includes the Baroque (1600-1750), Classical (1750-1820), and Romantic eras (1810-1910).
Madrigal:
A madrigal is a type of secular vocal music composed during the Renaissance (15th-16th centuries) and early Baroque (1600-1750) periods.
Gregorian chant:
Gregorian chant originated in Europe during the Middle Ages, which lasted from about the fifth to the fifteenth centuries. It was Catholic Church music, so it served a ceremonial purpose. Pope Gregory I, the head of the Catholic Church from 590 to 604, is referred to as a "Gregorian."
Mass:
The musical setting of the Ordinary of the Mass was the main large-scale form of the Renaissance. The earliest complete settings date from the 14th century, with Guillaume de Machaut's Messe de Nostre Dame being the most famous example.
Choral Music:
Near the end of the first quarter of the 16th century, Martin Luther translated sacred songs into the vernacular language (German), breaking with the established practise of church music. In 1524, the first hymnals based on Luther's new method were published.
Liturgical music:
The Renaissance also saw the rise of liturgical organ music, which was originally used when no choir was available to sing polyphony. The organist alternated harmonised plainsong hymns, canticles, and masses with plainsong verses sung by the choir or the congregation.
Polyphonic music:
Since the mid-nineteenth century, the term "Polyphonic era" has been used to describe a historical period in which harmony in music is subordinate to polyphony. It generally refers to the period between the 13th and 16th centuries.
Performance of many instruments:
What were the instruments used during the Middle Ages?
During the Middle Ages, instruments such as the vielle, harp, psaltery, flute, shawm, bagpipe, and drums were used to accompany dances and singing. The nobility used trumpets and horns, and organs, both portative (movable) and positive (stationary), appeared in larger churches.
Opera:
In the early 17th century, opera emerged in Western Europe as a means of bringing together all of the arts, including painting, poetry, drama, dance, and music. Our collections trace its development from early Baroque extravaganzas to contemporary productions.
Monophonic music:
Monophonic chant: From the beginning of the Medieval era, monophonic singing, which is based on a single unison melodic line, was popular. Somber religious chants, known as plainchant or plainsong, dominated the early Medieval period in civilizations ranging from Rome to Spain to Ireland.
Cantata:
A cantata is a baroque work for voice as well as voices and instruments. Cantatas, both secular and religious, have been written since the 17th century in Italy. Cantatas were typically written for solo voice with minimal instrumental accompaniment.
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