Leonardo da Vinci, born on 15 April 1452 in Italy, possessed a genius that went far beyond
simply being a remarkable artist. He was, perhaps, the
first European interested in finding
a practical solution to flight. Working towards this purpose, he studied the flight of birds
as well as their structure.
Da Vinci designed numerous mechanical devices, including parachutes. Around 1485,
he drew detailed plans for a human-powered ornithopter' which was a wing-flapping machine
humans could use to fly. In his notes, he suggested bats, kites and birds as models to
imitate. He referred to his flying machine as the Great Bird'. For safety reasons, he also
suggested that the machine should be tested over a lake. There is no proof that he actually
built this machine. However, a legend exists that one of his students actually flew a model
of the 'Great Bird', crashed and broke his leg!
The most fascinating of all his flying machines is his last one. It is the only one of his designs
that was a true glider and showed the beginnings of controlled flight.
Over the next four centuries, scientists and engineers continued to work on the idea
of a flight machine. But it was only in 1783 that the first hot-air balloon was successfully
launched in France. Almost eighty-five years later, a powered monoplane model flew
a few dozen feet at an exhibition at the Crystal Palace in London.
1) How do you know that Leonardo da Vinci had rare natural abilities?
2) What did he seek to design?
3) What is the legend about one of his students?
4) Suggest a title for the text and five a reason to justify your choice.
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In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution
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