LESSON 7: The Asexual Reproduction of Animals
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Oecurs throug
BUDDING
The parent organism predances
en outgrowther a bed on its
BINARY FISSION
it's also called splitting
>It happens when a parent
organ sm divdes itself into
two identical daughter
cells. Each half can grow
into a new organism.
>Sonne examples are sea
anemone. sea cucumber
and amoeba
>This bedeutenak
develop into a new one and
detach from his parente
>new developed organismis
a replica of the parent and is
genetical idential
> See examples are coral
jeh fish. bacteria Lancer and
3-8
Answer the following questions
1. What are the two types of asexual methods
2.
The division of the parental in two daughter individualis
3. How do you describe binary fission?
4. How is a newly developed organism, the replica of the parent,
and is genetically identical called?
5. Can you give another example of animals that undergoes binary
fission?
Answers
Answer:
1. Asexual reproduction includes fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis, while sexual reproduction is achieved through the combination of reproductive cells from two individuals.
2.Mitosis is a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells that occurs when a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. During cell division, mitosis refers specifically to the separation of the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus.
3.Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction typically observed in prokaryotes and a few single-celled eukaryotes. In this method of asexual reproduction, there is a separation of the parent cell into two new daughter cells. This process happens with the division and duplication of the parent’s genetic matter into two parts. Here, each daughter cell receives one copy of its parent DNA.
It is a primary method of reproduction in prokaryotic organisms. Binary Fission occurs without any spindle apparatus formation in the cell. In this process, the single DNA molecule begins replication and then attaches each copy to various parts of the cell membrane. When the cell starts to get drawn apart, the original (actual) and replicated chromosomes get apart.
However, asexual mode of reproduction has a significant drawback. All resultant cells are genetically identical, mirror copies of each other and the parent cell. Most antibiotics work on this principle. If a parent cell is vulnerable to an antibiotic, then all resultant daughter cells are vulnerable too. If a mutation occurs in their genes, then it can render a particular strain resistant to antibiotics.
Prokaryotes such as E. coli, Archaea as well as eukaryotes such as euglena reproduce through binary fission.
4.Reproductive cloning is defined as the deliberate production of genetically identical individuals. Each newly produced individual is a clone of the original. Monozygotic (identical) twins are natural clones. Clones contain identical sets of genetic material in the nucleus—the compartment that contains the chromosomes—of every cell in their bodies. Thus, cells from two clones have the same DNA and the same genes in their nuclei.
All cells, including eggs, also contain some DNA in the energy-generating “factories” called mitochondria. These structures are in the cytoplasm, the region of a cell outside the nucleus. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and reproduce independently. True clones have identical DNA in both the nuclei and mitochondria, although the term clones is also used to refer to individuals that have identical nuclear DNA but different mitochondrial DNA.
5.Some unicellular eukaryotic organisms undergo binary fission by mitosis. In other organisms, part of the individual separates, forming a second individual. ... Some sea anemones and some coral polyps also reproduce through fission.
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