Question

life history of madam curie and her role in science

Answer 1

Marie Skłodowska Curie (/ˈkjʊəri/;[3]French: [kyʁi]; Polish: [kʲiˈri]; born Maria Salomea Skłodowska;[a] 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win twice, the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris.

Marie Curie

c. 1920

BornMaria Salomea Skłodowska
7 November 1867
Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire[1]Died4 July 1934 (aged 66)
Passy, Haute-Savoie, Third French RepublicCause of deathAplastic anemia from exposure to radiationResidencePoland, FranceCitizenship

Poland (by birth)

France (by marriage)

Alma mater

University of Paris

ESPCI[2]

Known for

Radioactivity

Polonium

Radium

Spouse(s)Pierre Curie (1859–1906; m. 1895)Children

Irène Joliot-Curie(1897–1956)

Ève Curie (1904–2007)

Awards

Nobel Prize in Physics(1903)

Davy Medal (1903)

Matteucci Medal(1904)

Elliott Cresson Medal(1909)

Albert Medal (1910)

Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911)

Willard Gibbs Award(1921)

Scientific careerFieldsPhysics, chemistryInstitutions

University of Paris

Institut du Radium

École Normale Supérieure

French Academy of Medicine

International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation

ThesisRecherches sur les substances radioactives (Research on Radioactive Substances)Doctoral advisorGabriel LippmannDoctoral students

André-Louis Debierne

Óscar Moreno

 

Marguerite Perey

 

Émile Henriot

SignatureNotes

She is the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences.

She was born in Warsaw, in what was then the Kingdom of Poland, part of the Russian Empire. She studied at Warsaw's clandestine Flying University and began her practical scientific training in Warsaw. In 1891, aged 24, she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curieand with physicist Henri Becquerel. She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Her achievements included the development of the theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined[4][5][6]), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world's first studies into the treatment of neoplasms were conducted using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today. During World War I, she developed mobile radiography units to provide X-rayservices to field hospitals.

While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, who used both surnames,[7][8] never lost her sense of Polish identity. She taught her daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland.[9] She named the first chemical element that she discovered in 1898 polonium, after her native country.[b]

Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anemia from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War