life of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
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Maharaja Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839),[4][5] popularly known as Sher-e-Punjab or "Lion of Punjab", was the leader of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. He survived smallpox in infancy but lost sight in his left eye. He fought his first battle alongside his father at age 10. After his father died, he fought several wars to expel the Afghans in his teenage years and was proclaimed as the "Maharaja of Punjab" at age 21.[4][6] His empire grew in the Punjab region under his leadership through 1839.[7][8]
Ranjit Singh
Maharaja of Punjab
Maharaja of Lahore
Sher-e-Punjab (Lion of Punjab)
Sher-e-Hind (Lion of Hind)
Sarkar-i-Wallah (Head of State)[1]
Sarkar Khalsaji (Head of State)
Lord of Five Rivers
Singh Sahib[2]
Maharaj Ranjit Singh.jpg
Maharaja Ranjit Singh
1st Maharaja of the Sikh Empire
Reign
12 April 1801 – 27 June 1839
Investiture
12 April 1801 at Lahore Fort
Successor
Maharaja Kharak Singh
Chief of Sukerchakia Misl
Reign
April 1792 – 11 April 1801
Predecessor
Maha Singh
Born
Buddh Singh
13 November 1780[3]
Gujranwala, Sukerchakia Misl, Sikh Confederacy (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
Died
27 June 1839 (aged 58)
Lahore, Sikh Empire (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
Burial
Cremated remains stored in the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh, Lahore
Spouse
Maharani Mehtab Kaur
Maharani Datar Kaur
Maharani Jind Kaur
Issue
Maharaja Kharak Singh
Ishar Singh
Maharaja Sher Singh
Tara Singh
Kashmira Singh
Peshaura Singh
Multana Singh
Maharaja Duleep Singh
Dynasty
Sandhawalia
Father
Sardar Maha Singh
Mother
Raj Kaur
Religion
Sikhism
Prior to his rise, the Punjab region had numerous warring misls (confederacies), twelve of which were under Sikh rulers and one Muslim.[6] Ranjit Singh successfully absorbed and united the Sikh misls and took over other local kingdoms to create the Sikh Empire. He repeatedly defeated invasions by outside armies, particularly those arriving from Afghanistan, and established friendly relations with the British.[9]
Ranjit Singh's reign introduced reforms, modernisation, investment into infrastructure and general prosperity.[10][11] His Khalsa army and government included Sikhs, Hindus, Muslims and Europeans.[12] His legacy includes a period of Sikh cultural and artistic renaissance, including the rebuilding of the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar as well as other major gurudwaras, including Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Bihar and Hazur Sahib Nanded, Maharashtra under his sponsorship.[13][14]
Maharaja Ranjit Singh was succeeded by his son Maharaja Kharak Singh