Question

Like DNA, RNA contains four nitrogenous bases. Three of them are the same as those found in DNA. The one that is different is called . The five-carbon sugar in RNA is called .

Answer 1

Answer:

In RNA, the nitrogen base found is Uracil and the sugar is Ribose type sugar.

Explanation:

• Chemical analysis of chromosomes reveals the presence of two nucleic acids i.e.  DNA and RNA.

• Nucleic acids were first discovered by a Swiss biochemist, Friedrich Miescher (1869) who termed them "nuclein" due to their acidic nature.

• Nucleic acids are the macromolecules, present in living cells either in combination with other substances made of polymers (polynucleotides) consisting of monomeric units, called nucleotides.

• Each nucleotide consists of a nucleoside (pentose sugar + Nitrogenous bases) and a phosphate group.

• Thus nucleotide is a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside.

• Each nucleoside consists of a sugar molecule and a nitrogenous base.

• These nitrogenous bases derive from two heterocyclic bases, purine and pyrimidine.

• The Principal purine bases found in DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribose Nucleic Acid) are Adenine (A) and Guanine (G).

• Pyrimidine bases include Cytosine (C), Uracil (U) and Thymine (T).

• DNA and RNA differ from each other in having one different pyrimidine base. i.e. Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T) are found in DNA while (T) is replaced by Uracil (U) in RNA.

• In ribonucleic acids, the sugar is ribose; while in deoxyribonucleic acids it is deoxyribose type.

• These two sugars differ in their chemical nature on carbon no. 2.
• Ribose sugar has a hydroxyl (-OH) group at C2, whereas deoxyribose sugar has a hydrogen (-H) atom at C2.
• This is why deoxyribose sugar is more stable than ribose sugar.

Thus, the one N-base that is different on account of RNA is called  Uracil (U) and the five-carbon sugar in RNA is called Ribose.

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Answer 2

The nitrogen bases found are Uracil and the sugar is Ribose type sugar.

Explanation:

• The Chemical analysis of chromosomes shows the presence of two nucleic acids i.e.  DNA and RNA.
• Nucleic acids were first discovered by a Swiss biochemist, Friedrich Miescher (1869) who called them "nuclein" due to their acidic nature.

• Nucleic acids are the macromolecules, present in living cells either in combination with other substances made of polymers (polynucleotides) consisting of monomeric units, called nucleotides.
• Each nucleotide consists of a nucleoside (pentose sugar + Nitrogenous bases) and a phosphate group.

Thus nucleotide is a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside.

• Each nucleoside consists of a sugar molecule and a nitrogenous base.
• These nitrogenous bases derive from two heterocyclic bases, purine and pyrimidine.
• The Principal purine bases found in DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribose Nucleic Acid) are Adenine (A) and Guanine (G).

• Pyrimidine bases include Cytosine (C), Uracil (U) and Thymine (T).
• DNA and RNA differ from each other in having one different pyrimidine base. i.e. Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T) are found in DNA while (T) is replaced by Uracil (U) in RNA.
• In ribonucleic acids, the sugar is ribose; while in deoxyribonucleic acids it is deoxyribose type.

• These two sugars differ in their chemical nature on carbon no. 2.
• Ribose sugar has a hydroxyl (-OH) group at C2, whereas deoxyribose sugar has a hydrogen (-H) atom at C2.
• This is why deoxyribose sugar is more stable than ribose sugar.
• Therefore, the one N-base that is different in the case of RNA is called  Uracil (U). and the five-carbon sugar in RNA is called Ribose.

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