lines on changes of a sapling
Answers
Answer:
While planting a sapling we always wish that the Plant should grow and prosper. But some times we observe that the young plant is gradually paling, withering and dying. We are worried as to”why” it is all happening. Why the poor plant is not growing?“ There may be many reasons. Maybe the plant was not protected, or properly looked after. But our own negligence and incorrect method of planting is one of the causes.”
Remember
“We can save many plants if we initially plant them correctly and properly.”Monsoon is about to start. That is the best time to prepare for the tree planting. Come, we shall plant the trees the right way from the beginning.
Correct planting – site preparation
Prepare 30cmX 30cm X30cm long, wide and deep pits at a distance of 1 to 11/2 metres. For fruit and shade trees dig them one meter more deep. Remove the soil and let it lie outside for some time. Remove stones and pebbles. Put 1/3rd manure and the soil back into the pit. An ideal pit is like an ideal home for a plant.
Planting day
Rains are on. Plant will get sufficient water during the season. Select a rainy or cloudy day for tree planting.
Collect and carry seedlings from the nursery in polythene bags or in baskets. The roots should be intact in wet soil ball. Rough handling and exposed roots lead to drying of plant. Remove the polythene bag. Waste no time once sapling are brought to site.
Hold the soil lump carefully. Put the sapling Straight with roots in the pit and plant collars out.
Remember, if plant is kept deep it will dry.
If roots are left exposed, it will not survive.
If the roots bend, the plant will die.
An inclined plant won’t grow upright.
Put the soil back into the pit and press it securely around the root. It will keep the plant straight, erect and the rain water will not stagnate.
Water the sapling, or else it will die.
Protect it with a tree guard if need be and remove weeds as and when they grow. Look at the plant! How cheerful it looks.
A sapling of today is a tree for tomorrow. It is our universal Resource.
Plant and protect trees
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Answer:
Explanation:
Saplings are young trees. They can be produced in various ways:
Through seed
Vegetatively through cuttings
Growing saplings by seed
In general, seed produces plants that are variable in genotype and phenotype:
Genotype is the genetic capacity and characteristics of the plant
Phenotype is the visible characteristics of the plant
In short, we can say that variable populations of plants differ externally in how they look and differ in their capacities - like growth, resistance, fruit production, etc. Populations grown from seed are far more resistant to diseases for two reasons:
Through multiplication by seed, the plants are by nature, virus-free
In a variable population, plants have variable capacities to protect themselves against diseases. If a disease attacks a population originated from seed, one plant may die while another survives as it is less sensitive or not susceptible to that disease
Growing saplings by vegetative multiplication
Multiplication from one plant to a population of many. This can be done through the traditional way of cutting and re-rooting, or through tissue (vitro) culture multiplication. With these methods, all plants have the same genotype and phenotype. Through selection of the mother plant we can choose a plant that has extra capacities like more production, stronger growth, etc. But they are also very vulnerable to diseases to which they have no resistance. Once attacked, the whole population can and often will die.
Vegetative multipliction from a variable population of plants. With this method, the population is more variable than one created by vegetative multiplication from one plant; so it is less sensitive to an attack from disease. The advantage of this method is that we can focus on multiplying mother plants that carry better characteristics than a population that is multiplied through seed. Vegetative multiplication can be done through roots, stems or (small) parts of them.
Root system of plants
The root system of a seed during the growth
An acorn with a single root in the different growth stages
When producing saplings on plugs through seed, a very strong radicle root will be formed. Once growing, this radicle is able to break through even rocks. This is possible because the radicle of a tree is able to develop pressure over 50 bar (=750+ psi)! Look at the image of the seed of the oak (acorn). The second seed on the left is breaking open by the radicle root. At the seed on the right, you see the strong radicle which looks like a nail just a few days old. By putting cuttings on plugs, a radicle is also formed, but it is weaker than a radicle developed from a seed - its growing point is mostly divided between a few weaker roots rather than one strong one. If we multiply saplings using seeds or cuttings in a plug, we prefer a plug to have the following features:
At least 15 cm (6") deep so that the radicle is able to develop long enough;
Not rounded - to prevent the root from growing in rounds (horizontal circles) instead of vertically. Once growing in rounds, it will continue so after planting; it will then not be able to penetrate deeply enough to search for capillary water;
Enough openings so that the roots have sufficient oxygen to grow well;
Easyily handled once the plant is taken out of them.
Once you take the sapling from the plug, you should see white tips and an undivided radicle root. If the tips of the roots are not white, it means that they are infected with a disease like pythium or other moulds. It is also possible that the peat is too salted and the root tips have burned.
Undivided radicle root
During my investigations of roots, I have found that in more than 95% of the occasions, when people are planting trees or bushes, the roots used for planting are wrong. The reason is that they keep the plants too long in the pot; once the strong radicle root reaches the bottom of the pot, it splits into weaker secondary roots. There are also industries where the bushes are multiplied with the bare root system. In vines, for instance, growers multiply their plants in the full ground; and once they are harvested to be transplanted to their final planting location, the growers clean the roots (thereby destroying all the secondary roots) and cut the radicle roots back to 5-10 cm (2" to 4") - and so, destroy the radicle roots.
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