Question

Linguistics vs sociolinguistics?

Answer 1

Answer:

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This is how Linguistics describes language structure and language use. ... Sociolinguistics probes the probable social causes, and motivations for the language variation, while linguistics describes language without any reference to such factors outside language.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Linguistics is a broad discipline that includes Sociolinguistics, besides Psycholinguistics and a host of others. However, they both differ in their approach.

Linguistics studies all human languages in terms of language only, without invoking any other criterion, or yardstick to evaluate or explain the findings. In other words, neither the speaker’s particular state of mind at the time of speaking, nor his social background, nor his education matter here. The change is not conditioned by features other than linguistic environments.In explaining a sandhi change no extraneous factors are brought into play. For example, we may say that during Great Vowel Shift in English, all long vowels rose in their height, and here no social motivations, or factors are involved. That is, the speakers of English in those days were not motivated by any social considerations, nor influenced by any psychological factors for this change to happen. Similarly, in Old Telugu, *k before a front vowel got palatalized. That is, *k (a velar consonant ) changed to / c / ( a palatal consonant ) before a vowel like i, i:, e, e: ( all front vowels ) and this change affected every word at that time and every person. In other words, / k / changed to / c / before front vowels in everyone’s speech irrespective of one’s psychological or sociological standing. All that mattered was that the consonant /k/ occurred before a front vowel. This is how Linguistics describes language structure and language use.

But sometimes, there may be some social motivations for a change, or a particular form or structure is an indicator of a social class. For example, Labov found that in New York, the post vocalic ‘r’ is pronounced in formal styles, and was more frequent in the speech of younger people. Similarly, in Telugu, the retroflex ‘L’ is retained in the speech of the educated people, but it changes to ‘l’ ( an alveolar lateral) in the speech of uneducated people. Here the change is conditioned by extra-linguistic features such as social status, education.

Sociolinguistics probes the probable social causes, and motivations for the language variation, while linguistics describes language without any reference to such factors outside language.

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