Question

Lipid composition and vitamin content of wild female litopenaeus vannamei in different stages of sexual maturation

Answer 1

 TAG and phospholipids (PL), mainly PC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), were the dominant ovarian LC. Neutral lipids (NL) prevailed over polar lipids (POL) in midgut gland lipids, while ovarian lipids displayed an inverse relationship. An increase in ovarian TL was observed from stage 0 (immature) to stage 1 (early maturing). Later, from stage 1 to stage 2 (mid maturing), a decrease in midgut gland TL was observed. TAG was most responsible for these changes in TL. Lipids were preferentially transferred to the nauplii, which contained relatively high TAG and PC levels. In both midgut gland and ovaries, 16:00, 18:00, 16:1n−7, 18:1n−9, arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n−6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n−3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n−3) were the principal FA. All tissues and nauplii displayed n−3>n−6 and EPA>DHA relationships, and contained high proportions of n−3 highly unsaturated FA (n−3 HUFA). During sexual maturation, the sum of poly-unsaturated FA (PUFA) decreased in the ovaries due to the decrease in n−6 PUFA such as ARA. The sum of mono-unsaturated FA (MUFA), on the other hand, increased in the ovaries. AA levels were high in immature, maturing and mature ovaries. They were low in the ovaries of spent females and nauplii. Vitamin E levels were low in immature ovaries, increased substantially during ovarian maturation, and then decreased again upon spawning. High vitamin E levels were retained in the nauplii. The findings of this study, combined with those reported in related studies, suggest the importance of n−3 HUFA for larval development, of vitamin C for egg development and hatching, and of vitamin E for ovarian maturation and larval development.

Answer 2

In different stages of sexual maturation, wild female Litopenaeusvannamei had free fatty acid (FFA), triacylglycerol (TAG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sterol esters (SE) and these were the dominant lipid class in the midgut gland.

Explanation:

• In the ovarian lipd class, TAG and phospholipids (PL), mainly PC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were dominant. In midgut gland lipids, neutral lipids (NL) were prevalent over polar lipids (POL), however, an inverse relationship was displayed in the ovarian lipids.
• From stage 0 (immature) to stage 1 (early maturing), an increase in ovarian TL was observed. From stage 1 to stage 2 (mid maturing), a decrease was observed in midgut gland TL. The most responsible for these changes in TL was TAG. The sum of poly-unsaturated FA (PUFA) during sexual maturation was decreased in the ovaries; however, the sum of mono-unsaturated FA (MUFA) increased.
• In immature ovaries, vitamin E levels were low and there was a substantial increase observed during ovarian maturation. Upon spawning, vitamin levels decreased again. In the nauplii, high vitamin E levels were retained.

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