liquid dosage forms are applied with friction is *
liniment
lotion
paint
drops
Answers
Answer:
Liquid form of a dose of a drug used as a drug or medication intended for administration or consumption [1-15]. Advantages
• Faster absorption than solids
• Palatable pleasant to taste
• Best choice for children and old persons
Monophasic liquid dosage forms: It contains only one phase.
Classification [16-30]
A. Liquids for internal use: Drops, Elixirs, Linctus, Syrups, and draughts.
B. Liquids for external use:
Liquid to be applied to the skin: Liniments and lotions.
Liquids meant for body cavity: Gargles, throat paints, mouth washes, throat paints, mouth washes, eye drops, eye lotions, ear drops, nasal drops, sprays and inhalations
Syrups: Saturated solution of sucrose in purified water, sweet viscous preparations. Concentration of sugar is 66% (w/w). Syrups containing medicinal substances are called medicated syrups and those containing aromatic or flavored substances are known as flavored syrups.
Preparation: Add sucrose to purified water and heat it to dissolve sucrose with occasional stirring. Cool it and add more of purified water to make the required weight. Syrups used in formulation of antibiotics, saline drugs, vitamins, antitussives, sedatives [31-35].
Elixirs: Sweet aromatic colored preparations. Main Ingredients of elixir are ethyl alcohol, water, glycerin, propylene glycol, flavoring agent, syrup and preservatives. Medicated elixir contains very potent drug such as antibiotics, antihistamines, sedatives. Flavoring elixirs used as flavours and vehicles [36-38].
Linctuses: Viscous liquid and oral preparations that are generally prescribed for the relief of cough. They contain medicament which have demulcent, sedative or expectorant action. linctuses should be taken in a small doses sipped and swallowed slowly without diluting it with water in order to have maximum and prolonged effect of medications. Simple syrup is used a vehicle for most of the linctuses. Tolu syrup is preferred in certain cases because of its aromatic odour and flavor [39-41].
Drops: Liquid preparations meant for oral administration. The oil soluble vitamins such as vitamin A and D concentrations in fish liver oil are presented as drops for administration. Since these preparations contain potent medications the dose must be measured accurately [42-45].
Liniments: Liquid and semi liquid preparations meant for application to the skin. Liniments are usually applied to the skin with friction and rubbing of the skin. Liniments may be alcoholic or oily solutions or emulsions. Alcohol helps in penetration of medicament in to the skin and also increases its counterirritant or rubefacient action. Arachis oil is used in some liniments which spread more easily on the skin. Soap is also included as ingredients in some of the liniments which helps in easy application of liniment on the skin.
Liniments contain medicaments possessing analgesic, rubefacient, soothing, counter irritant or stimulating properties. Liniment should not be applied to broken skin it may cause excess irritation [46-48].
Lotions: Liquid preparations meant for external application without friction. They are applied direct to the skin with the help of some absorbent material such as cotton, wool or gauze soaked in it. Lotions may be used for local action as cooling, soothing or protective purpose. They are generally prescribed for antiseptic action ex: Calamine lotion [49-50].
Gargles: Aqueous solutions used to prevent or treat throat infections. They are usually available in concentrated for with direction for dilution with warm water before use. They are brought in to contact with mucous membrane of the throat and are allowed to remain in contact with it for a few seconds [51-53].
Mouth washes: Aqueous solutions with a pleasant taste and odour used to make clean and deodorize the buccal cavity. Generally they contain antibacterial agents, alcohol, glycerin, sweetening agents, flavouring agents and coloring agents [54-55].
Explanation:
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