List 5 importance of valleys in ghana
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Between 90 and 95% of Ghana's rice is rainfed. Adding well-developed inland valleys (IVs), where moisture is always present, would help boost the production of food crops in Ghana. Inland valleys are used for different crops in various regions of the country. For example, in northern Ghana, IVs are cultivated for annual crops such as maize, millet, yams, sorghum, groundnuts, okra, and cotton (on the fringes of IVs). Rice is cultivated in valley bottoms. In the forest zone (south), the main crops are maize, cassava, cocoyam, vegetables, plantain, and rice. Other activities conducted in the south include lumbering, fuel wood, palm wine tapping, and animal rearing. It is believed that 1.1 M ha of Ghana's land is under inland waters. Given the potential for food security IVs present in the country, the government and the World Bank set up a three-year Valley Bottom Rice Development Project (1990-1993) to improve rice-based cropping systems. Several national institutes were asked to participate in the project. Another project on valley bottom rice, specifically designed for the western region of Ghana, was implemented. Meanwhile, the French government, in cooperation with some local NGOs, sponsored a general rice research project in northern Ghana. During the 1991-92 season, a number of research activities were carried out both on-station and on-farm. These included studies of developmental/hydro-meteorological data collection, crop improvement, fertility maintenance, pests and disease management, and socio-economics.
Résumé - Entre 90% et 95% du riz produit au Ghana l’est en conditions pluviales. Compléter ce système par des bas-fonds bien aménagés aiderait à accroître la production de cultures vivrières. Au Ghana, les bas-fonds servent à différentes cultures selon les régions. Dans le nord du pays, les bas-fonds sont utilisés pour la production de maïs, mil, igname, sorgho, arachide, gombo, coton (sur les franges) et enfin de riz, le plus adapté aux bas-fonds. Dans la zone forestière au sud, les cultures sont essentiellement le maïs, le manioc, le tarot, les légumes, la banane plantain et le riz ; les autres activités sont l'exploitation du bois, la collecte du bois de feu, l'extraction du vin de palme et l'élevage. On estime que 1,1 million d'hectares sont en eau au Ghana. Vu le grand potentiel que représentent les bas-fonds pour la sécurité alimentaire du pays, le gouvernement et la Banque mondiale ont mis sur pied un projet de développement du riz de bas-fond (1990-1993), en vue d'améliorer les systèmes rizicoles. Plusieurs institutions nationales y participent. Le gouvernement français et le CIRAD, en collaboration avec des instituts nationaux, soutiennent un programme de recherche sur le riz dans le nord du pays. En 1991-92, les activités menées ont concerné la collecte de données sur les aménagements, l’agro-météorologie, l'amélioration variétale, la fertilité des sols, les déprédateurs et des maladies du riz et la socio-économie.
1. Introduction
Ghana has many major river basins: White Volta, Black Volta, Data, Oti, Lower Volta, Tano, Bia, Bra, Todzie/Aka, and the Coastal Basins (Fig. 1). Inland valleys and flood-plains are thus distributed all over the country and cover all agro-ecological zones. The majority of inland valleys are undeveloped or unused. Recently, the value of inland valleys in crop production is being emphasized particularly for rice and rice-based cropping systems. Ninety to ninety-five percent of Ghana's rice is rainfed. Therefore, the development of inland valleys, where rainfall is assured but unpredictable, will go a long way towards increasing the productivity of rice and other crops in this area.
About 8200 ha of irrigated inland valleys are used for rice and other crops in Ghana.
Answer:
Between 90 and 95% of Ghana's rice is rainfed. Adding well-developed inland valleys (IVs), where moisture is always present, would help boost the production of food crops in Ghana. Inland valleys are used for different crops in various regions of the country. For example, in northern Ghana, IVs are cultivated for annual crops such as maize, millet, yams, sorghum, groundnuts, okra, and cotton (on the fringes of IVs). Rice is cultivated in valley bottoms. In the forest zone (south), the main crops are maize, cassava, cocoyam, vegetables, plantain, and rice. Other activities conducted in the south include lumbering, fuel wood, palm wine tapping, and animal rearing. It is believed that 1.1 M ha of Ghana's land is under inland waters. Given the potential for food security IVs present in the country, the government and the World Bank set up a three-year Valley Bottom Rice Development Project (1990-1993) to improve rice-based cropping systems. Several national institutes were asked to participate in the project. Another project on valley bottom rice, specifically designed for the western region of Ghana, was implemented. Meanwhile, the French government, in cooperation with some local NGOs, sponsored a general rice research project in northern Ghana. During the 1991-92 season, a number of research activities were carried out both on-station and on-farm. These included studies of developmental/hydro-meteorological data collection, crop improvement, fertility maintenance, pests and disease management, and socio-economics.
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