list and explain the main features of the government of India act of 1935
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The main features of Government of India Act of 1935 were :
Federation and provincial autonomy
All previous acts related to government of India were unitary. However, this act prescribed a federation. It considered the British ruled provinces and Indian states as provinces.However, the Indian states had the option to join the federation or remain independent vassals of the British crownExecutive authority of British province was with the governor and he was now not a subordinate of the Governor- General of India. He was now supposed to act on the advice of ministers responsible to the legislature
Dyarchy at the centre
The executive authority was vested with the Governor- General whose functions were divided into two groupsDefense, external affairs, ecclesiastical affairs and tribal areas were administered by the Governor General with the help of counselors who were not responsible to the legislatureWith regard to rest of the subjects, the Governor-General was to act on the advice of a Council of ministers. However, he had the liberty to act in contrary to the advice if any of his special responsibilities were involved.
Legislatures
A bicameral legislature was set up at the center and six of the provinces . Rest of the provinces were unicameralLegislative powers of both central and provincial assemblies were limited by the veto power vested with the Governor, Governor-General and the crown .Governor general had the power to promulgate ordinances and had the power to make permanent laws to discharge his special responsibilities.
Federal division of legislative powers
The center could legislate on currency, armed forces, and censusProvinces could legislate on matters like police, provincial public service and educationConcurrent list of matters included criminal law and procedure, marriage and divorce and arbitrationIn case of a clash between federal and provincial laws, the federal prevailed.Residuary powers of legislation were vested with the Governor-General.
Federation and provincial autonomy
All previous acts related to government of India were unitary. However, this act prescribed a federation. It considered the British ruled provinces and Indian states as provinces.However, the Indian states had the option to join the federation or remain independent vassals of the British crownExecutive authority of British province was with the governor and he was now not a subordinate of the Governor- General of India. He was now supposed to act on the advice of ministers responsible to the legislature
Dyarchy at the centre
The executive authority was vested with the Governor- General whose functions were divided into two groupsDefense, external affairs, ecclesiastical affairs and tribal areas were administered by the Governor General with the help of counselors who were not responsible to the legislatureWith regard to rest of the subjects, the Governor-General was to act on the advice of a Council of ministers. However, he had the liberty to act in contrary to the advice if any of his special responsibilities were involved.
Legislatures
A bicameral legislature was set up at the center and six of the provinces . Rest of the provinces were unicameralLegislative powers of both central and provincial assemblies were limited by the veto power vested with the Governor, Governor-General and the crown .Governor general had the power to promulgate ordinances and had the power to make permanent laws to discharge his special responsibilities.
Federal division of legislative powers
The center could legislate on currency, armed forces, and censusProvinces could legislate on matters like police, provincial public service and educationConcurrent list of matters included criminal law and procedure, marriage and divorce and arbitrationIn case of a clash between federal and provincial laws, the federal prevailed.Residuary powers of legislation were vested with the Governor-General.
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