List any two changes that take place due to natural processes and human activities.
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Examples of natural processes:
energy flow and nutrient cycles (photosynthesis, food webs, decomposition webs)
sediment transport and soil formation
the water cycle
reproduction/regeneration mechanisms
natural disturbances (fires, floods, storms)
succession
plant/animal interactions (facilitation, competition, pollination, herbivory, and seed dispersal)
climate and microclimate
Let’s look at a few examples of natural processes to see how they create pathways to move nutrients or energy.
Bedrock contains elements that plants use for growth, but how do these nutrients get out of the bedrock and into the plants? Natural processes such as rain, groundwater movement, freeze-thaw cycles, and the action of plants, animals, and microorganisms break the bedrock into smaller and smaller pieces until the elements are available in the soil for plants to take up with their roots.
The process of photosynthesis moves carbon from the atmosphere (as carbon dioxide gas) into plant tissues (as solid carbon).
The process of pollination moves pollen from flower to flower using energy supplied by insects or other animals. The animal gets nutrients from the plant, and the plant gets help reproducing itself.
While all natural processes move nutrients and/or energy, the time scale and the magnitude of the processes vary enormously. Some operate at the scale of an individual plant, such as photosynthesis or pollination. Others affect multiple members of the community at once, such as a forest fire or the availability of groundwater. Some natural processes occur quickly, such as a flood, while others can take hundreds of years or longer, such as soil formation.
Natural processes ultimately influence where different plants and animals are able to thrive. Because of their role in forming habitat, natural processes are critical in creating and shaping natural communities.
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