Question

List four characteristics of a bacteria

Answer 1

Answer:

• Single-Celled. Perhaps the most straightforward characteristic of bacteria is their existence as single celled organisms.  
• Absent Organelles.  
• Plasma Membrane.  
• Cell Walls.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

answers

Explanation:

Single-Celled:

Perhaps the most straightforward characteristic of bacteria is their existence as single-celled organisms. While most bacteria, archaeans and eubacteria alike, spend their entire microscopic life cycle as independent single cells, some such as the soil-dwelling myxobacteria will form multicellular fruiting bodies as part of their life cycle.

Cell Walls:

A peptidoglycan cell wall is a common feature among eubacteria. This cell wall envelops the bacteria cell, providing strength and preventing rupture in changing environments. One of the fundamental tests performed in identifying bacteria is the Gram stain, which categorizes eubacteria as Gram positive or Gram negative based on the ability of the cell wall to retain crystal violet dye. The cell wall is the target of the antibiotic penicillin and its derivatives. Penicillin inhibits cell wall formation and can destroy the walls, especially in rapidly growing and multiplying bacteria. Again underscoring the diversity within this group, not all eubacteria possess a peptidoglycan cell wall. The cell wall of chlamydia lacks peptidoglycan. Mycoplasma lack any cell wall. Archaeans also possess a cell wall but use substances other than peptidoglycan.

DNA:

The multiple, linear chromosomes often represented graphically in biology textbooks are specific to eukaryotes. Conversely, both archaeans and eubacteria possess a single-circular chromosome and a DNA sequence much shorter than that found in eukaryotes. The shorter DNA sequence may partially be explained by the comparatively reduced complexity of bacterial cells but also results from the reduced presence of introns -- segments of a gene that are removed during translation of the DNA into protein. The bacterial genome is augmented by smaller fragments of DNA known as plasmids, though these are not unique to bacteria and are also be found in eukaryotes. Plasmids are replicated within the bacterial cell independent of the bacterial chromosome and may be exchanged between different bacterial organisms. Plasmids may impart attributes to the host cell such as antibiotic resistance.

Plasma Membrane:

While plasma membranes are common throughout other living cells, these membranes are not a feature of bacteria. The absence of internal organelles relegates many functions that occur within eukaryotic cells to occur on the plasma membrane of bacteria. For example, special infoldings of the plasma membrane allow photosynthetic bacteria to perform the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis that photosynthetic eukaryotes conduct on the thykaloid membranes within the chloroplast.