list four functions of apex body
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Answer:
The Zila Parishad is an apex body under the Panchayati Raj. It coordinates the activities of the various Panchayat Samitis. It consists of 1. Pradhans of the Panchayat Samitis of the District; 2. Members of Parliament and Members of State Legislature from that district; 3. One representative of each of the co-operative societies of the district; 4. Representative of women, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; 5. Chairpersons of the Municipalities in the district. In some states, the District Magistrate is empowered to attend the meetings of the Zila Parishad, but he does not have the right to vote. Zila Parishad shall have to uniform 5-year term as per the norms and conditions of the new Panchayati Raj Acts. Each Zila Parishad has a Chairperson who is elected by the members of the Parishad. In proportion to their population in the State, Chairpersons shall be reserved in favor of SCs and STs l/3rd of the offices are reserved for women. (a) The main functions of the Zila Parishad are: Civic Facilities and Welfare Functions: These consist of 1. Construction and maintenance of public roads, bridges . and culverts; 2. Construction of parks; 3. To implement programmes concerning agriculture; 4. To develop the land, water and human resources of the area; 5. To establish libraries, educational institutions, and dispensaries; 6. To promote the welfare of weaker sections of society; 7. To provide relief in times of distress, drought, and scarcity, (b) Coordinating and Supervisory Functions: The Zila Parishad supervises the activities of the Panchayat Samitis and Gram Panchayats. It coordinates the developmental plans prepared by the Panchayat Samitis in the District. The Zila Parishad examines and approves the budgets of the Panchayat Samitis. (c) Advisory and Financial Functions: The Zila Parishad renders advice of the State- Government regarding needs of the people in rural areas. It receives funds from the Union or State-Government, which it distributes among the Panchayat Samitis. (d) Developmental functions: It undertakes developmental functions such as irrigation schemes, rural electrification, poverty alleviation programmes, and public distribution system etc. The District Board is expected to strive for yet more efficiently for the development of its area and people. The main sources of income of the Zila Parishad are: 1. Share in the Land Revenue. 2. Taxes and causes, license fees and market fees. 3. Grants from the State Government. 4. Income from the property of the Zila Parishad.
Answer:
After independence in 1947, the Indian government recognized that education is one of the most important aspects for building a modern and highly civilized progressive society based on high virtues. But to impart education to such a vast population is not an easy task.
To make the functioning smooth, the government of India along with all the state governments formed many subordinate and independent governing bodies for regulating the education system in India at all levels from pre primary to higher as well as technical education.
The regulatory bodies include the most important AICTE, NCERT, AIMA, COA, UGC etc. These apex bodies make the necessary changes and get approvals from the Government of India officials then implements the changes and finally instructs the concerned universities to inculcate in their curriculum the requite changes.
Functions of the Apex Bodies
Some of the common functions and work of the various apex bodies include:
Maintaining uniform standards of that particular field of education in India
Regulating the curriculum in the training of professionals
Regulating the level of examinations and qualifications
Funding in priority areas, monitoring, and evaluation
Bringing standardization of training courses for professionals
Prescribing minimum standards of education and training of various categories of professionals
Maintaining parity of certification & awards
Aiding in development, training and research
Conducting various entrance tests
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