Question

List four things that the European companies undertook to eliminate rival competitors during the 17th and 18th centuries?
Explain the reasons that led to the Battle of Plassey?
What were the terms of the subsidiary alliance policy of the British? Name two states that were annexed using this policy?
Who were Residents? Briefly explain their role.
Claim to Paramountcy was an annexation policy used by the British in the 19th century. What was it? Briefly explain an example of resistance against this policy.
List four things that Tipu Sultan did to challenge the might of the British.
How was the Company Army different from the Mughal Army?

Answer 1

Answer:

State comes under the periphery of the policy

In AD 1798 it detached the Nizam from the French and also forbade having alliances with Maratha without British consent. 2. Second state was Mysore in AD 1799. Then Wellesley compelled the Nawab of Awadh to accept the Policy of Subsidiary Alliance in AD 1801

Explanation:

Answer 2

Do as directed

Explanation:

1.Q

• All European companies  were interested in the same commodity when they had come to India for trade. There was strong competition between them and this drove up the price. This reduced the profit volume that could be earned. European enterprises realised that they could survive by eliminating their rivals
• The desire to secure markets  led to fierce conflicts amongst the trading companies. Through the 17th & 18th centuries they destroyed each other’s ships by sinking them, prevented ships of rivals from moving their goods' supplies, and blockaded routes.
• Trade was carried on with arms and trading posts were secured by way of fortification. This effort to undertake profitable trade  and  fortify settlements resulted in intense battles with local rulers

2.Q

• On 23rd June 1757 the Battle of the Plassey took place. The East India Company and the Bengal Nawab Siraj-ud-dhaula.  were fighting against each other. East India Company captured the Nawab and its allies decisively. The justification for the Battle of Plassey was the harassment & abuse of the dastaks, and non-payment of duty  by the company's employees.
• However, Robert Clive 's plot with Mir Jafar was the immediate cause. British also started the Calcutta fortification, which the Nawab opposed. In a very small room the Nawab captured & killed  the British troops. Most of them are dead because of suffocation and this incident was know as the  "Black Hole Tragedy".
• By recapturing Calcutta, Robert Clive vowed to avenge his men 's death. He conspired along with Mir Jafar (Syrah Army Chief) to destroy Siraj for the Bengal Nawab's seat, . As expected, Siraj was killed and the Nawab of Bengal became Mir Jafar.

3.Q

Gov. Gen Lord Dalhousie had devised the the Doctrine of Lapse policy. In accordance with this policy, if any Indian ruler had died without a male heir the kingdom will “lapse” and that kingdom would become part of the East India Company (EIC) territory. Several  kingdoms were annexed through this doctrine, ecample Satara,  Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur & Jhansi.

4.Q

• Resident were senior British officials who were posted in the capital of the Princely states, and was officially a ambassador, but also responsible for preserving the ruler to his alliance. This was seen as an indirect regime that the British resident carefully controlled.
• His function was to provide governance advice, interfere in successive conflicts and guarantee that the States did not retain armed forces except for internal police forces or form strategic alliances with other states. The residents sought to modernise the princely states with the introduction of European ideas of progressive govt.

5Q

Gov. Gen. Lord Hastings had initiated a new paramountcy policy. In accordance to this policy, the East India Company (EIC) asserted that its authority was the supreme/paramount. EIC could threaten/annex to annex any Indian kingdom in order to protect its interests. Rani Chennamma,who was the queen of the Nayakas of kingdom, Kittur, had taken arms and led the anti-British resistance movt., however she was arrested in the year 1824 and had died in prison in  the year 1829.

6. Q

• The Anglo – Mysore Wars were a series of wars waged between the Mysore Kingdom  on the one side in the last 3 decades of the eighteenth  century, and the British East India Company and the Hyderabad Nizam on the other. Hyder Ali and his successor Tipu Sultan fought with the British invading from the east, south, and west on 4 fronts, whereas the Nizam armies had attacked from the north
• He sent his diplomats to France, Iran,  Arab, Turkey,  to request help against the British. He sought to modernize his naval forces in order to expand his influence and grow international trade.
• Napoleon Bonaparte sought an alliance with Tipu Sultan.  Tipu Sultan used his French-trained army in alliance with the  Napoleon Bonaparte in his fight with the British. He used rockets against the British forces in the Anglo-Mysore Wars, as well as the Pollilur Battle and Seringapatam Siege

7.Q

• The difference between the Mughal army and the EIC army was that the EIC army had better  and more effective war strategies, they had well-equipped with  modern weapons and had better training  (training based on Europe's style) for their soldiers.  The EIC gave more preference to the infantry regiment, & soldiers were provided with matchlocks & muskets. EIC recruited sepoys from the local villages in the Madras & Bombay  Presidencies and then had trained them to become professional soldiers.  
• Alternatively, the Mughal army did not had better strategies, the training was also not up to the standard and in addition the weapons were very weak. The soldiers were given training only in the use of swords & archery. They were more or less dependent on the the local rulers' armies.  Their army included primarily of cavalry that comprised infantry, foot soldiers, & Sawars (trained people)