List out 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of irrigation
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
ADVANTAGES.
Irrigation makes it possible to grow cash crops which give good returns to the cultivators. Examples of cash crops are; sugarcane, potato, tobacco etc.
It improves the groundwater storage as water lost due to seepage adds to groundwater storage.
Harmful effects of excessive irrigation:
- Excess of water in soil leads to water logging.
- Sometimes, it inhibits the process of germination.
- Roots do not grow properly in a standing water field.
- Excess irrigation destroys standing crops.
- Increases the amount of salt on the surface soil as water evaporates.
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Irrigation
Irrigation is the process of applying controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall.
Types of Irrigation
1. Surface Irrigation
2. Localized Irrigation
3. Sprinkler Irrigation
4. Drip Irrigation
5. Centre Pivot Irrigation
6. Sub Irrigation
7. Manual Irrigation
1. Surface Irrigation
In this system, no irrigation pump is involved. Here, water is distributed across the land by gravity.
2. Localized Irrigation
In this system, water is applied to each plant through a network of pipes under low pressure.
3. Sprinkler Irrigation
Water is distributed from a central location by overhead high-pressure sprinklers or from sprinklers from the moving platform.
4. Drip Irrigation
In this type, drops of water are delivered near the roots of the plants. This type of irrigation is rarely used as it requires more maintenance.
5. Centre Pivot Irrigation
In this, the water is distributed by a sprinkler system moving in a circular pattern.
6. Sub Irrigation
Water is distributed through a system of pumping stations gates, ditches and canals by raising the water table.
7. Manual Irrigation
This a labour intensive and time-consuming system of irrigation. Here, the water is distributed through watering cans by manual labour.
Methods
1. Traditional Methods
2. Morden methods
1. Traditional Methods
★In this method, irrigation is done manually. Here, a farmer pulls out water from wells or canals by himself or using cattle and carries to farming fields. This method can vary in different regions.
★The main advantage of this method is that it is cheap. But its efficiency is poor because of the uneven distribution of water. Also, the chances of water loss are very high.
★Some examples of the traditional system are pulley system, lever system, chain pump. Among these, the pump system is the most common and used widely.
2. Morden Methods
★The modern method compensates the disadvantages of traditional methods and thus helps in the proper way of water usage.
The modern method involves two systems:
★Sprinkler system
★Drip system
★Sprinkler System
•A sprinkler system, as its name suggests, sprinkles water over the crop and helps in an even distribution of water. This method is much advisable in areas facing water scarcity.
•Here a pump is connected to pipes which generate pressure and water is sprinkled through nozzles of pipes.
★Drip System
•In Drip system, water supply is done drop by drop exactly at roots using a hose or pipe. This method can also be used in regions where water availability is less.
Advantages
♦Irrigation helps to maintain the condensation of the loam.
♦It provides mineral as well as other nutrition by the assimilation from the mold.
♦Irrigation is one of the most feasible ways to grow cash crops like sugarcane, tobacco, etc.
♦As people are dependant on irrigation channels, there is now an extensive irrigation system which people are using as a mean of their communication.
♦It helps to preserve the structure of the topsoil
By eliminating the deficiency of water, Irrigation manages to give fast manufacturing.
♦The more production rate intensifies, the more living standard of the farmer increases.
♦Canal and irrigation water seeps through the soil and elevates the water table. This is desirable in desiccated and semiarid zones.
♦At many places, the irrigation serves as the only water source.
♦Irrigation helps to make the cash flow of a country profound with the massive production of crops.
Disadvantages
♦Irrigation sometimes creates unrestrained excretion and percolation of water throughout the whole passage.
♦The overflowing irrigated water gives insects a place to make their habitat which is harmful to surroundings giving rise to various diseases.
♦As irrigated water helps to lessen the inversion, sometimes it turns the area into a wet and sweaty surface. Immoderate irrigation clogs specific area by raising the water.
♦While constructing the colossal irrigation waterways, people lose their residential and commercial lands.
♦Not every time irrigation is affordable. The embryonic value of irrigation is quite inflated, and people end up paying a lot of imposed taxes.
♦Irrigation becomes an obstacle in the path of free devours during the rainy season.
♦Careless and over-irrigation can lead to salt efflorescence.