Question

List out the causes responsible for the decline of the Portuguese in India.

Answer 1

Some key events in its downfall:

Dutch–Portuguese War: Portugal was a pioneer in the Indian Ocean due to a treaty obligation with Spain. However, in the 17th century the Netherlands took most of Portuguese territories in Asia away. As Natalia Nezvanovamentions below, the war came mainly because an Iberian Union with Spain that brought all of Spain's enemies to Portugal. This allowed Britain to side the Dutch in defeating the Iberian Union. That was when Indonesia and Sri Lanka shifted out of Portuguese control.

Invasion of Portugal (1807): Napoleon invaded Portugal in the 19th century and that resulted in a sequence of events that led Portugal to be temporarily ruled from Brazil [capital shifted from Lisbon to Rio]. Eventually, Brazil and Portugal parted ways in 1823. Independence of Brazil

1890 British Ultimatum: After Portugal was booted out of both Asia and America, it went to build a position in Africa in Angola and Mozambique - connecting the Atlantic and Indian Oceans termed the Pink Map. However, this stood in the way of Britain's straight line of colonies from Cairo to Cape Town. Britain thus issued the ultimatum that thwarted Portugal's ambitions sparking a revolution that ended the monarchy.

Answer 2

The causes responsible for the decline of the Portuguese:

• Portuguese ruled India for over a decade. They mainly concentrated along the coastal belt from where their far long interest in trading was fulfilled however their fall in the rule started with the advent of two major enemies.
• Portugal is a small country that was gradually losing control over India because later in the late 17s was emerging as a strong trading colony. And being far away from the immediate reach Portuguese were facing difficulties to hold a strong power over India during those days.  
• British and Dutch were strong competition for the Portuguese extension of the former control areas and gaining supremacy in trade along the south sea has also been a reason for the decline.
• The rise of Maratha caused the final decline to the Portuguese when they were defeated very badly in all the battles fought between them and mark their withdrawal from goa which ultimately encrypted their trade channels.
• Also, they failed to gain faith in the country people due to their over-enthusiasm for Christian.

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