Question

List out various practical applications of hydrology.

Answer 1

Practical Applications of Hydrology - The Study of Water. Hydrology is the study of the properties, quality, distribution, and movement of water at and near the earth's surface.

Answer 2

1. Practical Applications of Hydrology Dr. Kiran Yarrakula Associate professor CDMM, VIT University

2. Introduction and Hydro-Meteorology Hydrology: The term hydrology is from Greek: hydor, "water"; and, logos, "study". Hydrology is the science of occurrence, movement, distribution and circulation of water on or near the surface of the earth. Hydrology is basically and applied science. It is classified into a) Scientific Hydrology – the study which is concerned with academic aspects b) Engineering or Applied Hydrology – a study which is concerned with engineering applications Engineering Hydrology deals with  Estimation of water resources  The study of processes such as precipitation, runoff, evapo- transpiration and their interaction  The study of problems such as floods and droughts

3. Practical Applications of Hydrology • The role of hydrology is to provide guidance for the planning and management of water resources  Design and operation of hydraulic structures  Water supply  Wastewater treatment and disposal  Irrigation  Drainage  Hydropower generation  Flood control  Navigation  Erosion and sediment control  Salinity control  Pollution abatement  Recreational use of water  Fish and wild life protection

4. Intersection of Hydrology and Hydraulics • Water supplies Drinking water Industry Irrigation • Power generation Hydropower Cooling water • Dams • Reservoirs • Levees Hydraulics is the branch of science concerned with the conveyance of liquids through pipes and channels, especially as a source of mechanical force or control • Flood protection • Flood plain construction • Water intakes • Discharge and dilution Wastewater Cooling water Outfalls- the place where a river, drain, or sewer empties into the sea, a river, or a lake. The word "hydraulics" originates from the Greek word “hydraulikos” which in turn originates from hydor, Greek for water and aulos, meaning pipe

5. Engineering Uses of Surface Water Hydrology • Average events (average annual rainfall, evaporation, infiltration...) Expected average performance of a system Potential water supply using reservoirs • Frequent extreme events (10 year flood, 10 year low flow) Levees - an embankment built to prevent the overflow of a river Wastewater dilution • Rare extreme events (100 to PMF) Dam failure Power plant flooding

6. Sources of Data • Weather Records – temperature, humidity and wind velocity • Precipitation Data • Stream Flow Records • Evaporation and Evapo-transpiration data • Infiltration characteristics of the study area • Soils of the area – State govt. dept of Agriculture • Land use land cover • Ground water characteristics • Physical and geological Characteristics of the data • Water quality data

7. Flood Design Techniques • Use stream flow records – Limited data – Can be used for high probability events • Use precipitation records – Use rain gauges rather than stream gauges – Determine flood magnitude based on precipitation, runoff, stream flow • Create a synthetic storm – Based on record of storms