Question

list the factor that affect climate and explain

Answer 1

Factors Affecting Climate

Climatic changes are the outcome of influences we had on the atmospheric factors i.e. factors that affect climate. These factors are undergoing changes over and over for few decades. Few natural factors affecting climate are as follows:



Climate – Factors Affecting Climatic Change

Topography: It means the shape of a land. Latitudes and elevation ranges are one of the factors that lead to fluctuation in surface temperatures. It can lead to local changes in climate.Sea level: Distance from the sea and nearby water bodies are one of the influential factors that affect the climate of a region. The surface temperatures in Sea have an effect on land temperatures. Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than internal areas. This leads to cloud formation when warm air from these interior areas meets cool air from the sea.Ocean currents: Ocean currents could transfer heat energy from land to sea or vice versa thus affecting the temperature of the region.Prevailing winds: Winds distribute particular air masses. The direction of the wind could determine the climate of a region. Since the wind from the humid region could bring cool air while that from the dry region would bring hot air.Human influence: While all the above are natural factors, we the humans are one of the most devastating factors that have triggered this climate change. Deforestation, pollution, population outburst, etc are contributed by humans and as a result is on the brink of a mass climatic change.




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Answer 2

The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current in the North Atlantic flowing from the Gulf of Mexico, northeast along the U.S coast, and from there to the British Isles.

The Gulf of Mexico has higher air temperatures than Britain as it is closer to the equator.  This means that the air coming from the Gulf of Mexico to Britain is also warm.  However, the air is also quite moist as it travels over the Atlantic ocean.  This is one reason why Britain often receives wet weather.

The Gulf Stream keeps the west coast of Europe free from ice in the winter and, in the summer, warmer than other places of a similar latitude.

Direction of prevailing winds

Winds that blow from the sea often bring rain to the coast and dry weather to inland areas.  Winds that blow to Britain from warm inland areas such as Africa will be warm and dry.  Winds that blow to Britain from inland areas such as central Europe will be cold and dry in winter. Britain's prevailing (i.e. most frequently experienced) winds come from a south westerly direction over the Atlantic.  These winds are cool in the summer, mild in the winter and tend to bring wet weather.

The shape of the land ('relief')

Climate can be affected by mountains. Mountains receive more rainfall than low lying areas because as air is forced over the higher ground it cools, causing moist air to condense and fall out as rainfall.

The higher the place is above sea level the colder it will be.  This happens because as altitude increases, air becomes thinner and is less able to absorb and retain heat. That is why you may see snow on the top of mountains all year round.

Distance from the equator

The distance from the equator affects the climate of a place. At the poles, energy from the sun reaches the Earth's surface at lower angles and passes through a thicker layer of atmosphere than at the equator. This means the climate is cooler further from the Equator. The poles also experience the greatest difference between summer and winter day lengths: in the summer there is a period when the sun does not set at the poles; conversely the poles also experience a period of total darkness during winter. In contrast, daylength varies little at the equator.

El Niño

El Niño, which affects wind and rainfall patterns, has been blamed for droughts and floods in countries around the Pacific Rim.  El Niño refers to the irregular warming of surface water in the Pacific.  The warmer water pumps energy and moisture into the atmosphere, altering global wind and rainfall patterns. The phenomenon has caused tornadoes in Florida, smog in Indonesia, and forest fires in Brazil.

El Niño is Spanish for 'the Boy Child' because it comes about the time of the celebration of the birth of the Christ Child. The cold counterpart to El Niño is known as La Niña, Spanish for 'the girl child', and it also brings with it weather extremes.

Human influence

The factors above affect the climate naturally.  However, we cannot forget the influence of humans on our climate.  Early on in human history our effect on the climate would have been quite small.  However, as populations increased and trees were cut down in large numbers, so our influence on the climate increased.  Trees take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.  A reduction in trees will therefore have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

The Industrial Revolution, starting at the end of the 19th Century, has had a huge effect on climate.  The invention of the motor engine and the increased burning of fossil fuels have increased the amount of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas - more on that later) in the atmosphere.  The number of trees being cut down has also increased, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide that is taken up by forests.