List the laws act in india to protect marginalised people
Answers
The following laws and acts protect and empower the marginalized groups (OBC, SC/ST, women, children, elderly and disabled) in India:
1. Article.14 states that all are equal before law and that it applies to everyone irrespective of caste, religion, gender or race.
2. Article 15 is against discrimination based on gender, race, caste, religion or place of birth.
a) Under Clause 3, the State has the authority to make special provisions for women and children.
b) Under Clauses 4 and 5, the State can make special provisions for OBC, SC and ST in private educational institutions.
3. Article 16 is about equal employment opportunities in public sectors.
a) Under Clause 4, the State has the authority to make reservations for the under-represented OBC.
b) Under Clause 4A, the State has the authority to implement reservations for SC and ST.
c) Under Clause 4B, the State has the authority to consider the unfilled OBC vacancies as a separate class.
4. Article 17, The Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955, The SC/STs Prevention of Atrocities Act 1989 abolish untouchability and its practice.
5. Article 29 and 30 provides the marginalized communities with right to culture and education.
a) Under Clause 1 of Article 29, they have the right to conserve their language, script and culture.
b) Under Clause 2 of Article 29, they have the right to be admitted in any educational institution of their choice.
6. Articles 32 and 226 allows anyone to seek writs if their rights have been violated.
7. Article 39 details about economic welfare.
a) Under Clause A, they have the right to adequate means of livelihood.
b) Under Clause B, women have the right to equal pay as men.
8. Article 40 is about one third reservation of seats in Panchayats for SCs and STs.
9. Article 46 allows the State to promote educational and economic welfare measures in order to aid the weaker factions, especially SCs and STs.
10. Article 42 details about just and humane conditions for all and also about maternity benefits.
11. The following acts provide protection to women:
a) Equal Remuneration Act, 1976.
b) The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923.
c) Minimum Wages Act, 1948.
d) Factories Act, 1948.
e) Employees State Insurance Act, 1948.
f) Plantation Labour Act, 1951.
g) Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970.
h) Bonded Labour System (Abolition)Act, 1979.
i) Immoral Traffic Prevention Act, 1986.
j) Prevention of Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1987.
k) The Dowry Prohibition Act,1961.
l) The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act 1986.
m) Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act 1987.
12. The following acts provide protection for children:
a) Child Labour (prohibition ®ulation )Act,1986.
b) The Child Marriage Restraint Act.
c) The Pre-conception &Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994.
d) Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.
e) Commission for Protection of the Rights of the Child Act, 2005.
13. The following acts provide protection for people with disabilities:
a) The Persons With Disabilities (Equal opportunities, protection of rights and full participation) Act,1995.
b)The Mental Health Act 1987 (contains prominent human rights principles).
c)The National Trust for Welfare of Persons with autism, cerebral palsy, mental retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act,1999( also known as NTD Act)
14. The following acts and articles provide protection for the elderly:
a) The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act 2007
b) Article 41 allows the State to make special provisions for public assistance and development of the sick, elderly and disabled.