list the materials used to make beads in the Harappan civilisation. Describe the process by which any one kind of bead was made.
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Answer:
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Explanation:
Making beads was an important craft of the Harappan people. It was mainly prevalent in Chanhudaro. Materials for making beads included beautiful red coloured stone-like camelian, jasper, crystal, quartz and steatite. Besides these, use of copper, bronze, gold, shell, faience, terracotta or burnt clay was also used.
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The materials used to make beads in the Harappan civilization are bead, carnelian, faience, steatite, agate, chalcedony, quartz, and shell.
The Harappan civilization is known for its intricate and beautiful beadwork, and a wide range of materials was used to make beads. Some of the materials used for bead-making included carnelian, faience, steatite, agate, chalcedony, quartz, and shell.
These materials were often sourced from different regions, indicating the presence of trade networks during the Harappan period.
One type of bead that was commonly made in the Harappan civilization was the Carnelian bead.
Process of making:
The process of making carnelian beads was labor-intensive and required specialized tools and techniques.
The first step in making carnelian beads was to obtain the raw material, which was often obtained from mines in Gujarat and Rajasthan.
Once the carnelian was extracted, it was sorted based on color and quality. The carnelian was then cut into small pieces using a chisel and hammer, and the rough edges were smoothed using a sandstone abrasive.
The next step was to shape the carnelian pieces into beads. This was done using a bow drill, which consisted of a wooden bow and a pointed drill bit made of copper or bronze. The bow was used to rotate the drill bit, which was applied to the carnelian piece to create a hole.
The hole was then enlarged using a pointed tool made of agate or chert. The carnelian bead was then polished using a series of abrasives, starting with coarse sand and ending with fine sand.
Overall, the process of making carnelian beads required skill and precision, and it is a testament to the advanced craftsmanship of the Harappan civilization.
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