List the names of different microscopes invented in different centuries, and mention their inventor
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Answer:
14th century: spectacles first made in Italy
1590: Two Dutch spectacle-makers and father-and-son team, Hans and Zacharias Janssen, create the first microscope.
1667: Robert Hooke's famous "Micrographia" is published, which outlines Hooke's various studies using the microscope.
1675: Enter Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who used a microscope with one lens to observe insects and other specimen. Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe bacteria. 18th century: As technology improved, microscopy became more popular among scientists. Part of this was due to the discovery that combining two types of glass reduced the chromatic effect.
1830: Joseph Jackson Lister discovers that using weak lenses together at various distances provided clear magnification.
1878: A mathematical theory linking resolution to light wavelength is invented by Ernst Abbe.
1903: Richard Zsigmondy invents the ultramicroscope, which allows for observation of specimens below the wavelength of light.
1932: Transparent biological materials are studied for the first time using Frits Xernike's invention of the phase-contrast microscope.
1938: Just six years after the invention of the phase contrast microscope comes the electron microscope, developed by Ernst Ruska, who realized that using electrons in microscopy enhanced resolution.
1981: 3-D specimen images possible with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer.
Origin: The origin of the word microscope according to the Online Etymology Dictionary is as follows: 1656, from Mod.L. microscopium, lit. "an instrument for viewing what is small," from Gk. micro- (q.v.) + -skopion. "means of viewing," from skopein "look at." Microscopic "of minute size" is attested from 1760s.
Drawing of the First Microscope