list the salient feature of Darwin's therory of evaluation
Answers
Salient features of Darwin theory of natural selection-
1. All organisms possess a enormous power of fertility.
2. Food, space and resources are limited.
3. Struggle for the existence within a species as well as between two different species.
4. Nature will favour the survival of the fittest.
5. No two individuals will be exactly identical except identical twins. There always exists some variations.
6. Darwin believed that variations will ultimately leads to the formation of new species.
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Answer:
Salient Features of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection:
1. over production (Rapid Multiplication):
All organisms possess enormous fertility. They multiply in geometric ratio. Some examples are cited below:
Insects lay hundreds of eggs. A cod-fish lays several hundred eggs at a time. A female rabbit gives birth to six young ones in one litter and produces four litters in a year. Six- month-old rabbit is capable of reproduction. If all the rabbits survived and multiplied at this rate, their number would be very large after some time.
Each pair of mice produces dozens of young ones. It is assumed that elephant is the slowest breeder, which matures at the age of 30 years and lives for about 90 years. Each female gives rise to about six offspring.
Thus some organisms (living beings) produce more offspring and others produce fewer offspring. This is called differential reproduction.
2. Limited Food and Space
Despite of rapid multiplication of all types of species, food and space and other resources remain limited. They are not liable to increase.
3. Struggle for Existence:
The struggle for existence can be of three types:
existence can be of three types.
(i) Intraspecific Struggle:
It is the struggle between the individuals of the same species because their requirements like food, shelter, breeding places, etc. are similar. Many human wars are the examples of intraspecific struggle. Cannibalism (eating the individuals of its own species) is another example of this type of struggle.
(ii) Interspecific Struggle:
It is the struggle between the members of different species. This struggle is normally for food and shelter. For example, a fox hunts out a rabbit, while the fox is preyed upon by a tiger.
(iii) Environmental Struggle:
It is the struggle between the organisms and the environmental factors, such as drought, heavy rains, extreme heat or cold, earthquakes, diseases, etc. Thus, climate and other natural factors also help in restricting the number of individuals of particular species.