Question

List the salts which cause temporary and permanent hardness in water

Answer 1

Explanation:

Hardness of water is caused by certain salts of Magnesium and Calcium.

Mg and Ca hydrogencarbonates cause temporary hardness of water.

Mg and Ca chlorides and sulphates cause permanent hardness of water.

Temporary hardness can be removed by boiling or Clark's method.

Permanent hardness of water can be removed using sodium carbonate, ion exchange method, Calgon's method or Synthetic resin method.

Answer 2

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Permanent hardness salt agents:

1 CaCl2,

2 MgCl2,

3 CaSO4,

4 MgSO4,

5 FeSO4,

6 Al2(SO4)3

Temporary hardness salt agents:

1 Ca(HCO3)2

2. Mg(HCO3)2