List the similarities and differences between polar and tropical regions based on the following
parameters - climatic conditions, habitat features, challenges to species, and adaptations.
Answers
Explanation:
The polar regions (the Arctic and Antarctic) are characterized by continuous light in the summer and almost total darkness, blizzards, scarcity of food and temperatures occasionally as low as −60°C in the winter. The Arctic is defined as the area north of the 10°C isotherm for July, whereas the Antarctic is the area south of the Antarctic Convergence (see Glossary); Arctic and Antarctic animals are those having their winter residency and main area of distribution within those boundaries (Box 1) (Irving, 1972; Blix, 2005). Probably because of the challenges imposed by this environment, the number of species that can cope with life in the polar regions is low, but most of those that prevail occur in large numbers. The effects of global warming are particularly felt in the polar regions, and an understanding of the needs of the animals therein and their tolerances to environmental change is greater than ever. This Review will focus primarily on the adaptations (see Glossary) of young and adults to low temperatures, and the effects of scarcity of food and lack of light during winter, as well as continuous light during summer, on animals that are permanent residents in polar regions
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