list the ways in which a bird's skeleton is modified, allowing it to fly
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In order to attain the lift necessary for flight, birds have evolved a number of modifications to their skeletal system, including pneumatic, or hollow bones, and reduction of the number of bones by loss or fusion. Hollow, air-filled bones lighten the weight of the skeleton
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Modifications in birds to help them fly are as follows:
1. The bones of birds are pneumatic. These contain air cavities making the bones light. This feature helps the birds in flying.
2. The body of birds is streamlined offering least resistance while flying.
3. Flight muscles are well developed
4. Forelimbs of birds are modified into wings to allow flying. Hindlimbs are used for walking, perching etc.
5. Additional air sacs are present to supplement respiration.
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