Question

list there major challenges faced by the pious caliphates during there rule?​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Answer:

The Sunni branch of Islam stipulates that, as a head of state, a caliph was a selected or elected position. [16] Followers of Shia Islam, however, believe a caliph should be an Imam chosen by God from the Ahl al-Bayt (the "Family of the House", Muhammad's direct descendants).