Question

List three factors that provide evidences in favour of evolution in organisms and state the role of each in brief.

Answer 1

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The 3 factors that provide evidence in favour of evolution in organism are :

♦ Fossils

♦ Homologous Organs

♦ Analogous Organs

Roles :

♦ Fossils:Fossils are the remains of dead animals & plants of the ancient time that got stuck in rocks. Fossils provide a linkage between existing & pre-existing species. Fossils found closer to the the earth's surface are of complex & recent organisms. As we dig deeper, fossils of simple organisms are obtained. This geographical succession completely agrees with the concept of evolution.

♦ Homologous Organs :Homologous organs have same origin & anatomical structure but perform different functions. Presence of homologous organs among organisms tells that there existed a common ancestor for them from whom this structure was inherited by them. Homologous organs show the closeness of organisms. The more homologous organs they have, more recently they had a common ancestor. Homologous organs exhibit divergent evolution.

Eg : Forelimb of Humans & Wings of Bat

♦ Analogous Organs :Analogous organs have different origin & anatomical structure but have same function. They exhibit convergent evolution. This means that the organisms evolved from a common ancestor long ago which do not have the organ. Analogous organs were independently developed by the organisms after separation from the ancient ancestor. For instance, birds, insects & bats have evolved from an ancient common ancestor without wings. Their wings were developed separately in each lineage after diverging from ancestor.

Eg : Wings of Bat & Wings of Birds

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