List two observations and postulates of the experiment
performed by Rutherford for his model of an atom
Answers
➩Rutherford Scattering
Rutherford was interested in knowing how the electrons are arranged in an atom. so for this , he designed an experiment .
In the experiment fast moving Alpha particles from a radioactive source were allowed to strike a thin gold foil. He selected a gold foil because he needed as thin a layer as possible for his experiment. Alpha particles produce a tiny, but visible flash of light when they strike a fluorescent screen. Surprisingly, alpha particles were found at large deflection angles and some were even found to be back-scattered.
This experiment showed that the positive matter in atoms was concentrated in an incredibly small volume and gave birth to the idea of the nuclear atom. In so doing, it represented one of the great turning points in our understanding of nature
➩Observations:
(i) Most of the fast moving apha particles passed striaght through the foil.
(ii) Some of the alpha particles were deflected by the foil by small angles.
(iii) One out of every 12000 particles appeared to rebound.
➩Postulates/Conclusions:
(i) Most of the space inside an atom is empty as most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil.
(ii) Very few particles were deflected ,it indicates that positive charge of the atom occupies very little space.
(iii) A very few particles appeared to rebound which indicates that all the positive charge and mass of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small volume.
Note: Image (b) shows scattering of the alpha particles by gold foil.
Answer:
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