list two soil farming practises for chemistry
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Answer:
Techniques for improved soil conservation include crop rotation, cover crops, conservation tillage and planted windbreaks, affect both erosion and fertility.
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HOME| MANAGING SOIL HEALTH: CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES
Managing Soil Health: Concepts and Practices
Information for farmers and gardeners who want to understand the physical, chemical, and biological components of healthy soil and how to manage them.
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Managing Soil Health: Concepts and Practices - Articles UPDATED: JULY 31, 2017
Managing Soil Health: Concepts and Practices
Introduction
Healthy soil is the foundation for profitable, productive, and environmentally sound agricultural systems. By understanding how the soil processes that support plant growth and regulate environmental quality are affected by management practices, it is possible to design a crop and soil management system that improves and maintains soil health over time. This information is for farmers and gardeners who want to understand the physical, chemical, and biological components of healthy soil and how to manage them.
Soil is a critical resource—the way in which it is managed can improve or degrade the quality of that resource. Soil is a complex ecosystem where living microorganisms and plant roots bind mineral particles and organic matter together into a dynamic structure that regulates water, air, and nutrients. In an agricultural context, soil health most often refers to the ability of the soil to sustain agricultural productivity and protect environmental resources. A healthy soil provides many functions that support plant growth, including nutrient cycling, biological control of plant pests, and regulation of water and air supply. These functions are influenced by the interrelated physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, many of which are sensitive to soil management practices.
Nutrient Cycling
Nutrient cycling refers to the many pathways through which nutrients are added to, removed from, and changed within the soil. Nutrients are found in two basic forms in the soil: organic and inorganic (sometimes called “mineral”). Organic forms of nutrients contain carbon in the structure of the molecule, while inorganic forms do not. Nutrients are stored in several pools within the soil: as inorganic forms in soil particles, as organic forms in soil organic matter, as inorganic forms on cation exchange sites, and as organic and inorganic forms dissolved in the water surrounding soil particles, known as the soil solution.
Where Are Nutrients Stored in the Soil?
Soil solution: Inorganic and a few types of organic nutrients dissolved in the soil pore water are immediately available to plants.
Cation exchange sites: Nutrients with a positive charge are known as cations. Macronutrient cations are needed by plants in large quantities and include calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Negatively charged sites on clay and organic matter retain these positively charged plant nutrients. Nutrients on cation exchange sites are available to plants in the near term. The quantity of cation exchange sites in a given soil is termed cation exchange capacity (CEC).
Organic matter: Organic matter is composed of living and once-living material (e.g., plant residues, manure) in various stages of decomposition. The availability of nutrients to plants in the near to long term depends on the type of organic matter and the activity of soil organisms.
Decomposition is the breakdown of organic matter into simpler organic and inorganic compounds through processes carried out by soil organisms.
Mineralization is the release of plant-available forms of nutrients that occurs when soil organisms decompose organic matter.
Soil minerals: Nutrients in the mineral component of soils become available to plants in the very long term.
The management goal for a healthy agricultural soil is to supply the nutrients needed for optimal plant growth in the right quantity and at the right time while minimizing nutrient losses to the surrounding environment.