List Two Useful And Two Harmful Effects Of Fungi?
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Harmful effects of fungi
Plant disease
These are incited by different agents — bacteria, viruses, cell-worms and fungi; of these the fungi cause the most severe losses. They destroy field crops, forage crops, fruit and nut crops, vegetable crops, drug plant crops and ornamental crops.
2: Destruction of timber and timber products:
Several fungi like Polyporus, Chloros-plenium, Penicilium divaricatum, Fusarium negundi. Pori microspora, Lentinus lepidens are responsible for decay of standing trees, decay of felled timber, sap stains and decay of wood in various uses.
3: Food Spoilage:
Besides microorganisms, members of Mucorales (e.g., Rhizopus, Mucor), yeasts, Moniliales, Aspergillus oryzae. Penicillium digitatum are chief cause of food spoilage. These are saprophytic fungi which grow on food articles such as bread, jam, pickles, meat etc.
For instance, food items are spoiled by yeasts, Aspergillus otyzae, Penicillium digitatum etc.
Dairy products are spoiled by Aspergillus repens, Mucor, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Oiduni lactis, etc.
Useful effects of fungi
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Medicinal Uses
Certain mushrooms such as Ganoderma lucidum, Agaricus subrufescens and Cordyceps sinensis enjoy usage as therapeutics in traditional Chinese medicine. A 2008 study published in the “Journal of Natural Products” found that mushrooms contain unique compounds and nutrients that are effective against viruses. The shiitake mushroom is a source of a clinical drug called Lentinan. In Japan, Lentinan is approved for use in cancer treatments. The well-known antibiotic drug penicillin is derived from the fungus Penicillium. Pieces of fungus were discovered near the body of a neolithic traveler in the Alps; it is theorized that he used some fungus as tinder, and other types possibly medicinally.
2: Chemical Industries
Fungi are also used to produce industrial chemicals, including citric, malic and lactic acids. They are also used in the production of industrial enzymes such as lipase, cellulase and amylase. Lipase is used in laundry detergents. Fungi are also used as insect biocontrol agents. Insecticidal toxins produced by fungi can kill insects at very low concentration.
Plant disease
These are incited by different agents — bacteria, viruses, cell-worms and fungi; of these the fungi cause the most severe losses. They destroy field crops, forage crops, fruit and nut crops, vegetable crops, drug plant crops and ornamental crops.
2: Destruction of timber and timber products:
Several fungi like Polyporus, Chloros-plenium, Penicilium divaricatum, Fusarium negundi. Pori microspora, Lentinus lepidens are responsible for decay of standing trees, decay of felled timber, sap stains and decay of wood in various uses.
3: Food Spoilage:
Besides microorganisms, members of Mucorales (e.g., Rhizopus, Mucor), yeasts, Moniliales, Aspergillus oryzae. Penicillium digitatum are chief cause of food spoilage. These are saprophytic fungi which grow on food articles such as bread, jam, pickles, meat etc.
For instance, food items are spoiled by yeasts, Aspergillus otyzae, Penicillium digitatum etc.
Dairy products are spoiled by Aspergillus repens, Mucor, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Oiduni lactis, etc.
Useful effects of fungi
————————————-
Medicinal Uses
Certain mushrooms such as Ganoderma lucidum, Agaricus subrufescens and Cordyceps sinensis enjoy usage as therapeutics in traditional Chinese medicine. A 2008 study published in the “Journal of Natural Products” found that mushrooms contain unique compounds and nutrients that are effective against viruses. The shiitake mushroom is a source of a clinical drug called Lentinan. In Japan, Lentinan is approved for use in cancer treatments. The well-known antibiotic drug penicillin is derived from the fungus Penicillium. Pieces of fungus were discovered near the body of a neolithic traveler in the Alps; it is theorized that he used some fungus as tinder, and other types possibly medicinally.
2: Chemical Industries
Fungi are also used to produce industrial chemicals, including citric, malic and lactic acids. They are also used in the production of industrial enzymes such as lipase, cellulase and amylase. Lipase is used in laundry detergents. Fungi are also used as insect biocontrol agents. Insecticidal toxins produced by fungi can kill insects at very low concentration.
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Other diseases and health problems caused by fungi
Aspergillosis. About. Symptoms. ...
Blastomycosis. About. Symptoms. ...
Candidiasis. Candida infections of the mouth, throat, and esophagus. Vaginal candidiasis. ...
Candida auris.
Coccidioidomycosis. About. Symptoms. ...
C. neoformans Infection. About. ...
C. gattii Infection. ...
Fungal Eye Infections. About.
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