list various ways to avoid pregnancy. give example of each.
Answers
Birth control could be achieved in the following ways-
Natural Birth Control
Natural birth control methods include total and continuous abstinence and the rhythm method. The rhythm method involves having no intercourse or protected intercourse during the time when the woman is fertile. A woman is fertile for 9 days every month during which she is most likely to get pregnant. The fertile period starts 5 days before ovulation and continues for 3 days after ovulation.
Barrier Method
This method involves putting up a barrier between the male and the female sex cells (sperms and ova). It blocks the sperms from reaching the ovary, thus preventing fertilization. The barrier method can be used by both men and women.
Women could use items like the contraceptive sponge, diaphragm, female condom, cervical shield or cervical cap to prevent the sperm reaching the egg.
Male Birth Control through the barrier method involves the use of male condoms.
Hormonal Method
The hormonal method of birth control interferes with the hormonal balance in a woman’s body in order to hamper fertilization, ovulation or fertilized egg implantation. It could be done with the help of contraceptive pills, estrogen and progestin-releasing patches or vaginal rings. Birth control injections are also available nowadays.
Intrauterine Devices (IUD)
Intrauterine devices or IUDs are small T-shaped devices that are planted in the uterus. There are two types of IUDs.
Copper IUD– Releases small amounts of copper in the uterus which prevents sperms from reaching the ovary.
Hormonal IUD– Releases progestin in the body which prevents the formulation of eggs.
Intrauterine devices Surgical Methods
Both men and women could be surgically operated to become infertile. For women, the process is called Tubal ligation and for men, it is called Vasectomy. In tubal ligation, the fallopian tube is either cut or sealed so that eggs do not reach the uterus at all. Vasectomy involves the cutting and sealing of the Vas deferens so that sperms do not enter the ejaculation stream.
1) surgical method
In females , the fallopian tube is slightly cut and ligated which prevents the movements of ovum . This method is known as tubectomy .
In males, the vas deference is slightly cut and ligated ,this prevents the movement of sperm .
2) Barrier method : in thia method barriers are used which prevents the sperm from entering the females body .
3)chemical method : In this method ,oral pills are taken which changes the hormonal system of females and stops the formation of egg cells .