Question

Lists the different types of lipids?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Lipids are of three types:-

(i) Simple lipids:- they are of alcohols or triglycerides containing fatty acid & glycerol.

(ii) Compound lipids:- They are simple lipids biologically active compound in them eg. ( carbohydrate lipid) lipoprotein ( protein + lipid)

(iii) Derived lipids:- They are hydrolysed products simple lipids such as fatty acids & alcohol.

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Answer 2

Lipids can be classified according to their hydrolysis products and according to similarities in their molecular structures. Three major subclasses are recognized:

1. Simple lipids:

(a) Fats and oils which yield fatty acids and glycerol upon hydrolysis.

(b) Waxes, which yield fatty acids and long-chain alcohols upon hydrolysis.

Fats and Oils

Both types of com­pounds are called triacylglycerols because they are esters composed of three fatty acids joined to glycerol, trihydroxy alcohol.

The difference is on the basis of their physical states at room temperature. It is customary to call a lipid a fat if it is solid at 25°C, and oil if it is a liquid at the same temperature.

These differences in melting points reflect diffe­rences in the degree of unsaturation of the constituent fatty acids.

Waxes

Wax is an ester of long-chain alcohol (usually mono-hydroxy) and a fatty acid.

The acids and alcohols normally found in waxes have chains of the order of 12-34 carbon atoms in length.

2. Compound lipids:

(a) Phospholipids, which yield fatty acids, glycerol, amino alcohol sphingosine, phosphoric acid and nitrogen-containing alcohol upon hydrolysis.

They may be glycerophospholipids or sphingophospholipid depending upon the alcohol group present (glycerol or sphingosine).

(b) Glycolipids, which yield fatty acids, sphingosine or glycerol, and a carbo­hydrate upon hydrolysis.

They may also be glyceroglycolipids or sphingoglycolipid depending upon the alcohol group present (glycerol or sphingosine).

3. Derived lipids:

Hydrolysis product of simple and compound lipids is called derived lipids. They include fatty acid, glycerol, sphingosine and steroid derivatives.

Steroid derivatives are phenanthrene structures that are quite different from lipids made up of fatty acids.