Literary devices with two examples from ncert english book (beehive) class 9.
Answers
Answer:When an author sits to write a story, she doesn't simply write what happened. Instead, she uses what are called literary devices which are narrative techniques that add texture, energy, and excitement to the narrative, grip the reader's imagination, and convey information.
While there are literally hundreds of literary devices at an author's disposal, what follows are a handful of the most common.
Allusion
An allusion is when an author refers to the events or characters from another story in her own story with the hopes that those events will add context or depth to the story she's trying to tell.
While allusions are common, they are also risky because the author has no certain way of knowing her readers are familiar with the other story. To limit that risk, allusions are often to very famous works such as the Bible or Shakespearean plays.
So, for example, one of the most alluded to texts in literature is the Bible, and specifically the New Testament. Here is an allusion that a writer might make to the Biblical story of Lazarus, who famously rose from the dead. Notice how using the allusion helps intensify the character's recovery:
Night after night our hero lay in bed with the flu, hacking mucus and blood and seeing behind his eyelids the angels or devils come to collect him. But one morning, like Lazarus, he was whole again…
It should also be noted that an allusion doesn't have to specifically name the character or event it's referring to.
Diction
Diction refers to an author's choice of words. When describing the events of her story, an author never has just one word at her disposal.
Rather, she must choose from many words that have similar denotative meanings (the definition you'd find in a dictionary), but different connotative meanings (the associations, positive or negative with a given word).
The decisions she makes with those words are what we call her diction.
For example, imagine that a child in a story comes home from school and tells his parents about his day.
Here are four separate ways he could describe his behavior at recess. Notice how selecting one italicized word over another, shifting the diction, totally changes the meaning of the sentence:
'Tommy made fun of me, so I nicked his eye with a stick.'
'Tommy made fun of me, so I poked his eye with a stick.'
'Tommy made fun of me, so I stabbed his eye with a stick.'
'Tommy made fun of me, so I gouged his eye with a stick.'
The words nicked, poked, stabbed and gouged all have similar denotative meanings, but notice how an author's choosing one or the other would drastically affect how we understand how well Tommy fared
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