Long answer question:
Define social rule. Why are social rules formulated? What are the benefits of
following social rules for an individual and the society?
SOCIAL STDES-1009
Answers
Explanation:
Social norms have been extensively written about as it concerns behavior in groups and societies. One the most notorious work is that of Noam Chomsky who is a major figure in analytic philosophy and one of the founders of the field of cognitive science. Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is the author of over 100 books on topics such as linguistics, war, politics, and mass media.
Another social scientist and researcher that has written about what governs social behavior is James Gardner March professor emeritus at Stanford University, best known for his research on organizations, jointly with Richard Cyert on behavioral theory of the firm and organizational decision making.
Anthropologists have described how social norms function in different cultures (Geertz 1973), among many others in his field focused on their social functions and how they motivate people to act, economists have explored how observance of norms influences market behavior.
However, norms do not account for the fact that many social norms are highly inefficient, as in the case of discriminatory norms against women or norms of racial segregation. In addition, many norms that increase the benefit of the members of a given group might simultaneously damage outsiders to that group, for instance the case of norms and loyalties to the Mafia.
Normative beliefs are habitually accompanied by the expectation that other people will follow the prescribed behavior and avoid what is not accepted. The common values of a society are contained in norms to; guarantee the orderly functioning and reproduction of the social system. Parsons (1951), explains that the “theory of the socialized actor’s answer is that people voluntarily adhere to the shared value system because it is introjected to form a constitutive element of the personality itself.”
Finally, there is abundant evidence that people’s perceptions may change very rapidly when group norms changed their beliefs about the very core norms that define membership will also change. It is, less clear however, what norms are more likely to be subjected to rapid changes. Dress codes for instance, may change rather quickly, but what about the time frame affecting the codes of honor or the norms of conduct that have survived for centuries in the European continent?
The study of social norms can help us understand a wide variety of obvious but perplexing human behavior. Bicchieri (2006) writes about conditional preferences that are qualified on two different levels of expectations: the empirical expectation that requires a sufficient number of people adhere to the behavioral rule, and the normative expectation that other people expect one to follow the behavioral rule.
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Social rule system theory is an attempt to formally approach different kinds of social rule systems in a unified manner. Social rules systems include institutions such as norms, laws, regulations, taboos, customs, and a variety of related concepts and are important in the social sciences and humanities. Social rule system theory is fundamentally an institutionalist approach to the social sciences, both in its placing primacy on institutions and in its use of sets of rules to define concepts in social theory.