Long Answer Type Questions :-
1. Ibrahim Lodi had a huge army, yet he was defeated. Give reasons for his defeat.
2. Why did Humayun fled to Iran? Did he return?
3. Write a short note on Sher Shah Suri.
4. How was land revenue assessed by Raja Todar Mal?
5. Describe the 'Mansabdari' system.
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Answers
(1) Ibrahim Lodi had a huge army, yet he was defeated. Give reasons for his defeat.
Ibrahim Lodi had indisciplined army, best war tactics of Babur, betrayal by Daulat Khan Lodi and the support of Rana Sanga to Babur were the main reasons for the defeat of Ibrahim Lodi
(2) Why did Humayun fled to Iran? Did he return?
Humayun was defeated by Sher Khan at Chausa (1539) and Kanauj (1540) forced him to flee to Iran.
He returned from Iran and recaptured Delhi in 1555.
(3) Write a short note on Sher Shah Suri.
A Afghan chief Sher Shah Suri has deposed II Mughal emperor Humayun to become the master of the Mughal territories from the rank of a soldier shershah Rose to become the emperor of India his original name was Farid-ud-din Muzaffar. Farid shot his bravery by killing a tiger. The king of Bihar was rewarded him with the title of Sher Khan ( The king of tigers ) ambitious shershah was not content with serving others. Using his military skills he succeeded in establishing his authority in Bihar and Bengal.
(4) How was land revenue assessed by Raja Todar Mal?
Akbar's finance minister Raj Todar Mal basically followed the land revenue system of Afghan Sher Shah Suri. He formulated a new land revenue system which was called Todar Mal's Bonobast,
Tax was assessed on every landholder of the Empire it was a radical innovation because earlier the nobility was rarely taxed. Todar Mal introduced a new system called dahsala of land assist for the past 10 years. One third of the average real was the empire's share. The land revenue could pay in cash or in kind.
(5) Describe the 'Mansabdari' system.
The term Mansabdari refers to an individual who holds a mansab (rank). It was a grading system used by the Mughal to fix ranks, salary and military responsibility. Rank and sapart as determined by a numerical value called Zat.