Long answers:
1. What are the various criteria to differentiate various rocks?
2. How did the rocks derive their names?
3. How is the upper mantle different from the lower mantle?
4. Write a note on crust?
Answers
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Answer:
(1A) There are three types of rocks and each rock has a different feature.
(a) Igneous Rocks-
These rocks are formed when the hot Magma erupts with a high pressure from the volcanic opening, the pigment spreads and cools down. When the Magma cools down, solid rock like uneven surface is formed, which is later broken down naturally by extreme climatic conditions.
There are two types of igneous rocks. They are two types of Igneous Rocks, they are-
1) Intrusive Igneous Rocks-
The eruption of magma, blasts with a high pressure. The pigment which gets cool down inside the surface of the volcano and change into rocks. These rocks are called as Intrusive Igneous Rocks.
2) Extrusive Igneous Rocks-
The hot magma which gets cool down after it spreads outside the volcano and changes into rock, these rocks are called as Extrusive Igneous Rocks.
( Igneous Rocks can change into Metamorphic Rocks due to great heat and pressure)
(b) Sedimentary Rocks-
Rocks roll down, crack and hit each other and are broken down into small fragments. These smaller particles are known as sediments. The sediments are transported and deposited by wind, water and air. These loose sediments are compressed and hardened to form layers of rocks. Such rocks are called as Sedimentary Rocks.
( Like Igneous Rocks even Sedimentary Rocks can change into Metamorphic Rocks due to great heat and pressure.)
(c) Metamorphic Rocks-
These Igneous Rocks are broken down into small particles that are transported and deposited to form sedimentary rocks. When the Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks are subjected to heat and pressure they changed into metamorphic rocks.
(2A) Most of the rock and mineral names are derived from Latin and Greek language of origin. Georgius Agricola "Father of Mineralogy"was the first person who found out about rocks and minerals in the 16th century. Then in the later generations things developed and even the rocks derive their names slowly and gradually. Now a days in the the present generation the rocks are named accordingly for what they are useful.
Example-
Sedimentary Rocks are used to make floor tiles and kitchen platform surfaces, hence they are named as 'Home Surface Rocks'.
(3A)The Mantle is the second most layer of the Earth. There are two different types of layers of Mantle. They are-
(1)Upper Mantle-
This Mantle begins from the Crust and ends at the top at 670 kilometres.The temperature is extremely hot rising from 200*Celsius(392* Farren) TO 900* Celsius (1,650*Farren)
(2) Lower Mantle-
The Lower Mantle represents 56% of Earth's total volume. This layer is more hot than the Upper Mantle. The Lower Mantle is present under the Upper Mantle.
(4A) The uppermost layer over the Earth surface is called the Crust. It is the thinnest of all the layers. It is about 35 kilometres on the continental masses and only 5 kilometres on the ocean floors. The main constituents of this layer are Silica and Alumina. We can dig only till 6 kilometres in the Earth surface of the Crust, no one has discovered digging more than 6 kilometres as the temperature is extremely high and can melt the machines and kill the Human beings. We live at the top most surface of the Crust.