Long essay on communicable dessises
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Answer:
In this world, there are hundreds and thousands of communicable diseases that are spread from person to another, at any age, young or old. Some are deadly, and some are not. Some are treatable and some are not. Communicable disease, also known as infectious diseases, transmitted through direct contact or indirectly from infected individuals, that includes: being bitten by an animal and/or contact with blood and bodily fluids.
Therefore, there are hundreds and thousands of communicable diseases in this world, but to make it short, the diseases that were going to be included are common diseases in America. The flu, also known as influenza, is a disease that transmitted through coughing and sneezing, mostly happen during the winter season. People get the flu by breathing in the tiny wet droplets from a person’s coughs or sneezes, or by touching objects that contain these drops and touching any body parts. Also, a person with a weak immune system can spread the flu for a longer time period than someone with a healthier immune system.
The mechanisms by which the flu cause in humans is believed to be the obstruction of ACTH, known as adrenocorticotropic hormone, triggering low cortisol levels. The process that enables the flu to enter cells is the cleavage viral of hemagglutinin protein by one out of several human proteases. The structure of hemagglutinin can only found in the throat and lungs by proteases, allowing the viruses, not to infect other tissues in the body. However, hemagglutinin, yet, can permit the virus to spread throughout the body. Viral hemagglutinin protein is responsible for processing both strain infect and where human respiratory tract strain will bind. The strains are easily transmitted between people who had hemagglutinin proteins that bind in an upper part of the respiratory tract to receptors, such as in the nose, throat, and mouth.
Another infectious disease is called Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a virus that causes damage to the liver, and it can be spread from mother to infant during childbirth through blood and bodily fluids. Developing Hepatitis B depends on how well your immune system reacts to the infection, which means that a person who has a weak immune system, are at a higher risk of developing the infection after being exposed. However, people who are exposed to the infection may not have any signs or symptoms, but others may experience symptoms similar to the flu, such as a fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting.
Explanation:
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What is a communicable disease?
A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.
Reporting of cases of communicable disease is important in the planning and evaluation of disease prevention and control programs, in the assurance of appropriate medical therapy, and in the detection of common-source outbreaks. California law mandates healthcare providers and laboratories to report over 80 diseases or conditions to their local health department. Some examples of the reportable communicable diseases include Hepatitis A, B & C, influenza, measles, and salmonella and other food borne illnesses.
Reportable Diseases in California
How do these communicable diseases spread?
How these diseases spread depends on the specific disease or infectious agent. Some ways in which communicable diseases spread are by:
physical contact with an infected person, such as through touch (staphylococcus), sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, HIV), fecal/oral transmission (hepatitis A), or droplets (influenza, TB)
contact with a contaminated surface or object (Norwalk virus), food (salmonella, E. coli), blood (HIV, hepatitis B), or water (cholera);
bites from insects or animals capable of transmitting the disease (mosquito: malaria and yellow fever; flea: plague); and
travel through the air, such as tuberculosis or measles.
A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. NCDs include Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, most heart diseases, most cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and others. NCDs may be chronic or acute. Most are non-infectious, although there are some non-communicable infectious diseases, such as parasitic diseases in which the parasite's life cycle does not include direct host-to-host transmission.
NCDs are the leading cause of death globally. In 2012, they caused 68% of all deaths (38 million) up from 60% in 2000.[1] About half were under age 70 and half were women.[2] Risk factors such as a person's background, lifestyle and environment increase the likelihood of certain NCDs. Every year, at least 5 million people die because of tobacco use and about 2.8 million die from being overweight. High cholesterol accounts for roughly 2.6 million deaths and 7.5 million die because of high blood pressure.