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Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ] (About this soundlisten); 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician and leader of the Nazi Party (officially the National Socialist German Workers Party or NSDAP). He rose to power as the chancellor of Germany in 1933 and then as Führer in 1934.[a] During his dictatorship from 1933 to 1945, he initiated World War II in Europe by invading Poland on 1 September 1939. He was closely involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust.By November 1932, the Nazi Party had the most seats in the German Reichstag but did not have a majority. As a result, no party was able to form a majority parliamentary coalition in support of a candidate for chancellor. Former chancellor Franz von Papen and other conservative leaders persuaded President Paul von Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as chancellor on 30 January 1933. Shortly after, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act of 1933 which began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany, a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism. Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain and France. His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression, the abrogation of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I, and the annexation of territories inhabited by millions of ethnic Germans, which gave him significant popular support.
Hitler sought Lebensraum ("living space") for the German people in Eastern Europe, and his aggressive foreign policy is considered the primary cause of World War II in Europe. He directed large-scale rearmament and, on 1 September 1939, invaded Poland, resulting in Britain and France declaring war on Germany. In June 1941, Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union. By the end of 1941, German forces and the European Axis powers occupied most of Europe and North Africa. These gains were gradually reversed after 1941, and in 1945 the Allied armies defeated the German army. On 29 April 1945, he married his longtime lover Eva Braun in the Führerbunker in Berlin. Less than two days later, the couple committed suicide to avoid capture by the Soviet Red Army. Their corpses were burned.
Under Hitler's leadership and racially motivated ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of about 6 million Jews and millions of other victims whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen (subhumans) or socially undesirable. Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3 million civilians and prisoners of war. In addition, 28.7 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European theatre. The number of civilians killed during World War II was unprecedented in warfare, and the casualties constitute the deadliest conflict in history.
Hitler's actions and Nazi ideology are almost universally regarded as gravely immoral. According to historian and biographer Ian Kershaw, "Never in history has such ruination – physical and moral – been associated with the name of one man.In a meeting with German military leaders on 3 February 1933, Hitler spoke of "conquest for Lebensraum in the East and its ruthless Germanisation" as his ultimate foreign policy objectives.[197] In March, Prince Bernhard Wilhelm von Bülow, secretary at the Auswärtiges Amt (Foreign Office), issued a statement of major foreign policy aims: Anschluss with Austria, the restoration of Germany's national borders of 1914, rejection of military restrictions under the Treaty of Versailles, the return of the former German colonies in Africa, and a German zone of influence in Eastern Europe. Hitler found Bülow's goals to be too modest.[198] In speeches during this period, he stressed the peaceful goals of his policies and a willingness to work within international agreements.[199] At the first meeting of his cabinet in 1933, Hitler prioritised military spending over unemployment relief.He died in 30th April 1940.
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Adolf Hitler[2] (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician and the leader of Nazi Germany. He became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, after a democratic election in 1932. He became Führer (leader) of Nazi Germany in 1934.
Adolf Hitler
Hitler portrait crop.jpg
Official portrait, 1938
Führer of Germany
In office
2 August 1934 – 30 April 1945
Preceded by
Paul von Hindenburg (President)
Succeeded by
Karl Dönitz (President)
Chancellor of Germany
In office
30 January 1933 – 30 April 1945
President
Paul von Hindenburg
(1933–1934)
Deputy
Franz von Papen
(1933–1934)
Hermann Göring
(1941–1945)
Preceded by
Kurt von Schleicher
Succeeded by
Joseph Goebbels
Führer of the Nazi Party
In office
29 July 1921[1] – 30 April 1945
Deputy
Rudolf Hess (1933–1941)
Preceded by
Anton Drexler (Chairman)
Succeeded by
Martin Bormann (Party Minister)
Personal details
Born
20 April 1889
Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary
Died
30 April 1945 (aged 56)
Berlin, Nazi Germany
Cause of death
Suicide by gunshot
Citizenship
Austrian (1889–1925)
Stateless (1925–1932)
German (1932–1945)
Political party
Nazi Party (1921–1945)
Other political
affiliations
German Workers' Party (1919–20)
Spouse(s)
Eva Braun (m. 1945)
Parents
Alois Hitler
Klara Pölzl
Cabinet
Hitler cabinet
Signature
Military service
Allegiance
German Empire
Weimar Republic
Nazi Germany
Branch
Imperial German Army
Bavarian Army
Reichswehr
Wehrmacht
Service years
German EmpireWeimar Republic 1914–1920
Nazi Germany 1939–1945
Rank
Gefreiter
Unit
16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment
Wars
World War I
Western Front
First Battle of Ypres
Battle of the Somme (WIA)
Battle of Arras
Battle of Passchendaele
World War II
Awards
Iron Cross First Class
Iron Cross Second Class
Wound Badge
Hitler led the Nazi Party NSDAP from 1921. When in power the Nazis created a dictatorship called the Third Reich. In 1933, they blocked out all other political parties. This gave Hitler absolute power.
Hitler ordered the invasion of Poland in 1939, and this started World War II. Because of Hitler, at least 50 million people died.[3] During World War II, Hitler was the Commander-in-Chief of the German Armed Forces and made all the important decisions. This was part of the so-called Führerprinzip.[4] He shot himself in 1945, as the Soviet Army got to Berlin, because he did not want to be captured alive by the Soviet Union.
Hitler and the Nazi regime were responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3 million civilians and prisoners of war. In addition, 28.7 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in Europe.
Nazi forces committed many war crimes during the war.[5] They were doing what Hitler told them to do. They killed their enemies or put them in concentration camps and death camps. Hitler and his men persecuted and killed Jews and other ethnic, religious, and political minorities. In what is called the Holocaust, the Nazis killed six million Jews, Roma people, homosexuals, Slavs, and many other groups of people.[6]
Hitler's family was born in Waldviertel, in Lower Austria. At the time, the name Hitler changed in this region several times between Hüttler, Hiedler, Hittler and Hitler. The name was commonly in the German-speaking area of Europe in the 19th century.[7] The literature says that this name is descended from the Czech name Hidlar or Hidlarcek.[8]