Long Notes on Radioactivity
⭐Introduction
⭐Radioactivity
⭐Half life
⭐Background Radiotion
⭐Danger of radioacrivity
⭐Safety of precuation
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✰Introduction :-
➤ Atom - The smallest part of an element is called atom
Atom has two parts :-
- Orbitting electron
- Nucleus
➤Nucleus - It is the centre part of an atom which is very massive and densed .It consists of 2 types of particles .i) Proton ii) Neutron
➤Proton - Proton are of positive charge where the neutrons are neutral .The size of the nucleus is 1 /1000 of the size of the atom .
➤Atomic number - No.of protons of neutrons are called it atomic number .Atomic number is denited by Capital ( Z)
➤Mass number = The number of protons and neutrons are called mass number .This is because the mass of electron is naglible compared with the mass of proton or neutron .The mass of electron is about 1 /2000 of the mass of proton or neutron.
✰Radioactivity :-
➤Some isotopes emits radioactive to become stable by decaying .This process is called radioactivity . It is denoted by A .Its unit is Bequerrel .
➫ Alpa Particle :
- It consists of two protons and two neutrons
- It another name is helium nucleus
- It charge is + 2
- Whenever an alpa particle emitted the parent loses 2 proton and 2 neutron means the atomic number decreases by 2 and mass no decreases by 4.
- It symbol is α .
➫ Beta Particle :
- Beta particles are actually fast moving electron.
- It's symbol is β .
- It is negatively charged
- Whenever a beta partcle is emitted one of the neutron changes into proton and electron is given off as a beta particle .So after beta emittion. the proton no decreases by 1 and mass no remains same .
➫ Gamma Rays :
- Gama rays are actually high frequency ,electro magnetic wave .
- It's symbol is γ .
- Its's neutral as it does not have any charge.
- When it is emitted there is no change in atomic number or mass number .
✰Half Life :-
The time needed by a radio isotopes to become half of its innitial amount by decay.
✰Danger of Radioactivity :-
➫ Danger of Alpa :-
- Alpa partcile entering our nody may eat our cell membranes which leads to excessive our cell growth this is called tumour .When it spreads from one cell to another is called cancer .
➫ Danger of Beta :-
- Energised beta partciles can easily enter our body .Beta particles entering our body may eat our bone marrow which hampers the formation of RBC .This problem is called blood cancer.
➫ Danger of Gamma :-
- Gamma rays are actually penetrating if an small amount of gamma rays come in contact with any part ,it cam damaged and can even cause death .
✰Taking Precaution :-
- Radioactivity shouldn't be tasted
- Radioactivity should be handle with a forcer .
- Radioactivity should not be pointed toward anybody.
- In a radioactivity labrotory we should wear apron ,mask ,gloves
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