long notes on rhizobium
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Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ... The bacteria colonize plant cells within root nodules, where they convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia using the enzyme nitrogenase and then provide organic nitrogenous compounds such as glutamine or ureides to the plant.
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Rhizobia are diazotrophic bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). To express genes for nitrogen fixation, rhizobia require a plant host; they cannot independently fix nitrogen.[1] In general, they are gram negative, motile, non-sporulating rods.
Root nodules, each containing billions of Rhizobiaceae bacteria
Rhizobia are a "group of soil bacteria that infect the roots of legumes to form root nodules".
Rhizobia are found in the soil and after infection, produce nodules in the legume where they fix nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere turning it into a more readily useful form of nitrogen. From here, the nitrogen is exported from the nodules and used for growth in the legume. Once the legume dies, the nodule breaks down and releases the rhizobia back into the soil where they can live individually or reinfect a new legume host.
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