Long Summary of chapter - Nutrition in animals
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Nutrition in animals
Nutrition is the process of obtaining food and then using it for obtaining energy, growth and repair of the body. There are five main processes concerned with the use of food by animals. As we know that Plants produces their own food by the help of photosynthesis. But animals are heterotrophs and hence they depend on other organisms for their food. This readymade food comes either from plants or from other animals. We are also animals and obtain food from plants in the form of rice, pulses, vegetables etc. and foods like milk; eggs, chicken, fish etc are obtained from other animals. Many other animals obtain their f3
3ood by eating the flesh of other animals like fish, birds, snake etc. The big fish eat small fish, the snake eats frog and the insects eat dead bodies of animals. The non- green plants also obtain their food from other plants or animals e.g yeast plant. Also, plant eats insects like pitcher plant and Venus fly- trap.
Animals are divided in to three groups on the basis of their food habits. These are: Herbivores, Carnivores and Omnivores.
(i) Herbivores: are those animals which eat only plants like grasses, leaves, fruits etc. Examples of herbivores are: Goat, Cow, Sheep, Horse, Ox, Elephant etc. Thus, herbivores are plant eaters and also known as herbivorous animals.
(ii) Carnivores: are those animals which eat other animals as food or they eat meat or flesh of other animals. Examples are: Lion, Tiger, Frog, Vulture, Lizard etc.Therefore, Carnivores are meat eaters and known as carnivorous animals.
(iii) Omnivores: are those animals which eat both plants and animals. Examples are; Man (Human Beings), Dog, Crow, Bear, Ant etc. Thus, Omnivores are plant eaters as well as meat eaters and known as Omnivorous animals.
Jagranjosh
As we know all the living things depend on sun for their own food. Plants use the energy of sun and prepare food by photosynthesis. Plants are eaten by herbivores and omnivores as food. Meat eaters or carnivores also eat other animals or other carnivores in the form of food and scavengers eat dead and decaying plant and animal. So, it is the energy of sun which provides food for plants and animals.
Five steps in the process of Nutrition in Animals
There are five steps in the process of Nutrition in animals. These are: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation and Egestion.
Ingestion: is the process of taking food in to the body or ‘eating of food’ by the animal. When we put food in to our mouth with hands, we are ingesting it.
Digestion: is the process in which the food containing large, insoluble molecules is broken down in to small, water soluble molecules which can be absorbed by the body or digestion is the dissolving of the solid food. Most of the animals include both physical and chemical methods for digesting the food. Physical method includes chewing and grinding the food in mouth and chemical method include the addition of digestive juices (enzymes) to food by the body itself.
Absorption: is the process in which the digested food passes through the intestinal wall in to blood stream. As, after the digestion, food molecules become small and soluble. This food passes through the walls of our intestine and goes in to the blood.
Assimilation: is the process in which the absorbed food is taken in by the body cells and used for energy, growth and repair. Blood carries the absorbed food to all the parts of the body.
Egestion: is the process in which the undigested food is removed from the body. The whole food which we eat is not digested by our body, a part of the food remains undigested which cannot be used by the body and so it is removed from the body in the form of faeces when we go to the toilet.