Question

Look at the map below that shows the location of the 2004 earthquake in Indonesia that caused a tsunami. Consider the six essential elements listed in the lesson. Describe three of the six essential elements as they relate to the image.

Answer 1

Explanation:

Graphics and Animations

map of global earthquakesEarthquakes

PangaeaSumatra ruptures

PangaeaAnimation: Continental drift

Plate motionPlate motion

SubductionSubduction zone

LockingLocking

AnimationAnimation: Seismic cycle

(with GPS)

Length of most recent Sumatra megathrust rupturesRupture length

AnimationAnimation: Rupture

AnimationSudden uplift

AnimationSudden subsidence

AnimationAnimation: Tsunami

Coral headCoral head

Coral GrowthCoral growth

AnimationAnimation: coral growth

AnimationCoral slice

Coral analysisCoral analysis

Animation: GPSAnimation: GPS

Strength of lockingLocked fault zones

The giant 2004 Sumatra earthquake ruptured the greatest fault length of any recorded earthquake, spanning a distance of 1500 km (900 miles), or longer than the state of California. Rather than tearing the land apart all at once, the rupture started beneath the epicenter marked in the figure below and progressed northward along the fault at about 2 km/sec (1.2 miles/second). The whole rupture lasted about 10 minutes. Compare this with California's 1994 Northridge earthquake, which ruptured about 20 km (12 miles) and lasted 15 seconds.Map of region

Figure 1 Map of Sumatra region showing the extent of the ruptured fault lines for the three most recent giant quakes. Green shows 2004, red shows 2005, and blue and yellow show 2007. The islands are: An=Andaman

Nb=Nicobar

Ni=Nias

Sm=Simeulue

Bt=Banyak

Mt=Mentawai

Credit: TO

The portion of the fault that ruptured lies deep in the earth's crust, in places as much as 50 km (31 miles) below the ocean floor. There the two tectonic plates, which had been stuck together, suddenly broke free, the upper plate sliding back upward and to the west by as much as 20 m (65 feet) along the plate boundary.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Answers will vary. The following examples cover four of the essential elements.

The world in spatial terms: The image is a map that clearly defines where the earthquake and tsunami occurred. The shaded areas indicate the countries affected by this natural disaster, and the ocean involved is clearly marked.

Places and regions: The map highlights the boundaries between countries.  

Physical systems and environment and society: Both elements relate to the map because the earthquake and tsunami are natural disasters that influence how people interact with the environment.

Human systems: The map shows the areas where populations were most affected by the earthquake and tsunami.

Explanation: